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Cloud Computing Interview Questions

Cloud Computing Interview Questions

Cloud Computing Interview Questions

1) How does cloud computing work?

Cloud computing is a new computer technology that is based on the internet. It is the next-generation technology that utilizes cloud computing to deliver services whenever and wherever the user requires them. It allows you to connect to several servers all over the world.

 

2) How does cloud computing benefit you?

The following are the key advantages of cloud computing:

Data backup and data storage
Capabilities of a powerful server.
Productivity has increased.
Very economical and time-saving.
SaaS stands for Software as a Service.

 

3) What is a cloud, exactly?

A cloud is a collection of networks, hardware, services, storage, and interfaces that enable computing as a service to be delivered. It is used by three people:

Customers
Cloud service provider for business management.

 

4) What are the many forms of data used in cloud computing?

Emails, contracts, photos, blogs, and more data kinds exist in cloud computing. As we all know, data is growing at an exponential rate, necessitating the creation of new data kinds to accommodate this growth. If you wish to store video, for example, you'll need a new data type.

 

5) What are the various levels that make up a cloud architecture?

The following are the various layers that cloud architecture employs:

Cloud Controller (CLC)
SC or Storage Controller NC or Node Controller Walrus Cluster Controller

 

6) What are the platforms for large-scale cloud computing?

For large-scale cloud computing, the following platforms are used:

Apache Hadoop

MapReduce

 

7)What are the distinct layers in cloud computing? What is Apache Hadoop MapReduce? Explain how they function.

The cloud computing hierarchy is divided into three tiers.

Infrastructure as a service (IaaS): It offers cloud infrastructure in terms of memory, processor, speed, and other factors.

PaaS (platform as a service) is a cloud application platform for developers.

SaaS (Software as a Service): It gives cloud apps to customers directly without the need for installation.

installing something on the computer These programs are hosted on the cloud.

 

8) What exactly do you mean when you say "software as a service"?

Cloud computing's Software As A Service (SaaS) layer is crucial. It, like Google, delivers cloud applications. It allows users to save documents to the cloud and create new ones.

 

9) What does "platform as a service" mean?

It's also a cloud architecture layer. This paradigm is based on infrastructure and includes resources such as computers, storage, and networking. Its job is to virtualize the infrastructure layer completely, making it appear as a single server and invisible to the outside world.

 

10) What does "on-demand" mean? How does cloud computing supply it?

Cloud computing allows users to access virtualized IT resources on demand. It is accessible to the subscriber. It provides adjustable resources via a shared pool. Networks, servers, storage, applications, and services are all part of the shared pool.

 

11) What platforms are available for large-scale cloud computing?

Large-scale cloud platforms include Apache Hadoop and MapReduce. 

 

12) What are the various deployment models in cloud computing?

The following are the many cloud computing deployment models:

Public cloud Private cloud

Cloud hybrid

 

13) What exactly is a private cloud?

Private clouds are utilized to protect strategic activities and other data. It is a fully working platform that may be owned, operated, and confined to a single organization or industry. Because of security concerns, most businesses have switched to private clouds. A hosting company employs the utilization of a virtual private cloud.

 

14) What exactly is the public cloud?

The public clouds are available for everyone to use and deploy. Google and Amazon, for example. The focus of public clouds is on

a few levels, such as cloud applications, infrastructure providers, and platform providers

15) What do hybrid clouds entail?

Hybrid clouds are made up of both public and private clouds. It is recommended above both clouds because it uses the most robust method to cloud architecture implementation. It combines the best of both worlds' functionalities and characteristics. It enables businesses to construct their cloud and delegate control to another party.

 

16) What is the distinction between cloud and mobile computing?

The concepts of mobile computing and cloud computing are similar. The concept of cloud computing is used in mobile computing. While in mobile computing, applications operate on a remote server and cloud computing provides users with the data they demand. 

 

17) What is the distinction between elasticity and scalability?

Scalability is a feature of cloud computing that allows it to accommodate increasing workloads by increasing resource capacity proportionally. The architecture makes use of scalability to deliver on-demand resources if traffic increases the need. Elasticity, on the other hand, is a property that allows for the dynamic commissioning and decommissioning of enormous amounts of resource capacity. It is determined by the rate at which resources are made available and how they are used.

 

18) What are the advantages of cloud computing in terms of security?

Cloud computing is utilized in identity management since it authorizes the application service.

It permits people so they can manage their data.

the entry into the cloud environment of another user

 

19) What is utility computing used for?

Utility computing is a plug-in that is administered by an organization that determines what kind of cloud services must be delivered. It allows people to pay for only what they use.

 

20) In cloud computing, what is "EUCALYPTUS"? What is its purpose?

Elastic Utility Computing Architecture For Linking Your Program To Useful Systems is an acronym. It is an open-source cloud computing software architecture that is used to construct cloud computing clusters. It offers public, private, and hybrid cloud services. It allows users to turn their own data center into a private cloud and use its features.

 

21) Describe the role of cloud computing system integrators.

The strategy of a difficult procedure required to design a cloud platform is provided by a system integrator. Because the integrator has all of the expertise in data center creation, it develops a more realistic hybrid and private cloud network.

 

22) What are the databases for open source cloud computing platforms?

Open source cloud computing platform databases include MongoDB, CouchDB, and LucidDB.

 

23) Can you give an example of a huge cloud provider or database?

bigtable.google.com

simple by Amazon

SQL in the cloud

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IOT Interview Question and Answers

IOT Interview Question and Answers

IOT Interview Question and Answers

1. What is IoT? (Internet of Things)

Kevin Ashton created the phrase IoT (Internet of Things) in 1999. It is a worldwide network of interconnected physical objects (also known as "things") capable of collecting and exchanging data without the need for human interaction. These devices have embedded systems (software, electronics, networks, and sensors) that can collect data about the environment, send data across a network, respond to remote orders, and conduct actions based on the information gathered. Wearables, implants, vehicles, machinery, smartphones, appliances, computing systems, and any other item that can send and receive data are all examples of IoT devices or things available today.

Big data networks, cloud-based storage and computing, and Cyber-Physical Systems can all be integrated. the Internet of Things is largely concerned with extending internet connectivity from traditional devices (such as computers, mobile phones, and tablets) to relatively simple items such as toasters. It converts old "dumb" gadgets into "smart" devices by allowing them to send data over the internet, allowing them to communicate with people and other IoT-enabled devices. 

2. What are the various components of the Internet of Things?

The following are the four major components of IoT devices:

Sensors: A sensor or device is an essential component for collecting real-time data from the environment. This data can be of various types. This could be as simple as a temperature sensor, GPS, or accelerometer on your phone, or as complex as a social media platform's live video capability. Sensors allow IoT devices to communicate with the outside world and environment.

All data is transmitted to a cloud infrastructure once it is collected. This might be accomplished by connecting the sensors to the cloud through a variety of communication channels, including mobile or satellite networks, Bluetooth, WI-FI, WAN, and so on. Various IoT devices

Different types of connectivity are used by different devices.

Data Processing: Once the data has been collected and transferred to the cloud, the data processors are responsible for processing it. From regulating the temperature of the air conditioner to identifying faces on mobile phones, data processing software may improve IoT devices in a variety of ways.

User Interface: A User Interface is how an IoT device communicates with a user. A user interface is the visible and tactile part of an IoT system that users can interact with. It entails presenting data in a way that is beneficial to the end user. Users will be more likely to interact with a well-designed user interface because it will make their experience easier. The information must be made available to everyone. end-users in some way, for as giving them notifications via email or text message.

3. What are the benefits of the Internet of Things?

An Internet of Things (IoT) system is a sophisticated automation and analytics system that combines networking, big data, sensors, and artificial intelligence to deliver a comprehensive solution. It has the following advantages:
Improved client engagement: By automating tasks, IoT enables a better customer experience. Sensors in a car, for example, will detect any problem automatically. Both the driver and the manufacturer will be alerted.
Technology has been upgraded and made more efficient thanks to the Internet of Things. It has made even ancient "dumb" gadgets "smart" by allowing them to send data via the internet, allowing them to communicate with people and other IoT-enabled equipment. Coffee machines, smart toys, smart microwaves, and other smart devices are examples.

Accessibility: The Internet of Things has made it possible to obtain real-time data from practically everywhere. All you need is an internet-connected smart device.

Better Insights: We currently make judgments based on superficial data, but IoT gives real-time data that leads to more efficient resource management.
New business prospects: You may find new business insights and generate new possibilities while lowering operational expenses by collecting and analyzing data from the network.

Time management that works: Overall, the Internet of Things can help you save a significant amount of time. We may read the latest news on our phones, peruse a blog about our favorite activity, or shop online while commuting to work.
Strengthened security

measures: Access control solutions that use IoT can give additional security. to businesses and individuals For example, IoT technology in surveillance can help a business improve security standards and spot any questionable activities.

4. What are some of the IoT's problems or risks?

Some of the security threats linked with IoT include:

IoT devices that are connected are vulnerable to hackers. Many IoT devices capture and send personal data over an open network that hackers can easily access. Cloud endpoints can potentially be used by hackers to target servers.

In a fast-paced market like the Internet of Things, many companies and manufacturers rush to release their products and software without thoroughly testing them. Many of them also fail to deliver timely updates. IoT gadgets, unlike other devices such as smartphones, are not updated, making them vulnerable to data theft. As a result, IoT devices should be rigorously examined and updated as soon as new vulnerabilities are discovered. To preserve security, they must be identified.

People are unaware of the Internet of Things, despite it being a rapidly emerging technology. The user's lack of information and awareness of the capabilities of IoT is a serious security hazard. This is dangerous for all users.

Network Connectivity: Many IoT devices struggle with network connectivity. Especially if the devices are widely scattered, in remote places, or if bandwidth is scarce.

Because of the extremely scattered nature of IoT devices, ensuring the stability of IoT systems can be problematic. Natural disasters, disruptions in cloud services, power outages, and system failures can all influence the components that make up an IoT system.

5. What are the different types of sensors in the Internet of Things?

Internet-of-Thing sensors have gained popularity in recent years as a means of increasing production, cutting costs, and boosting worker safety. Sensors are devices that detect and respond to changes in the environment's conditions. They detect specific types of circumstances in the physical world (such as light, heat, sound, distance, pressure, presence or absence of gas/liquid, and so on) and generate a signal (typically an electrical signal) to indicate their magnitude. The following sensors are frequently used in IoT systems:

Sensors for temperature
Sensor of pressure
Sensors that detect movement
Gas detector
Sensor of proximity
Infrared sensors
Sensor for smoke, etc.

6. What are the layers of the Internet of Things protocol stack? Create an IoT protocol classification.

Protocols for the Internet of Things (IoT) protect data and ensure that it is safely shared between devices via the Internet. IoT protocols specify how data is sent over the internet. They maintain the security of data shared between linked IoT devices by doing so.

7. What are the various IoT communication models?

The Internet of Things is about linking things to the Internet in general, although how they connect isn't always clear. IoT devices use technical communication models to connect and communicate. A successful communication model explains how the process works and how to communicate effectively. The Internet of Things (IoT) makes it possible for

People and objects (devices) must be able to connect from anywhere, using any network or service.

Communication model types -

The client (IoT Device) makes requests, and the server responds to those requests in this communication architecture. The server selects what response to offer after receiving a request, then retrieves the requested data, prepares the response, and sends it back to the client. Because the data between requests is not stored, this approach is stateless, and each request is handled individually.

Publisher-Subscriber Model: This communication model includes publishers, brokers, and consumers. Publishers are data sources that transmit information to topics. Consumers (who consume data from subjects) subscribe to topics, which are managed by the broker.

Publishers and customers are completely oblivious of one another. When the broker receives data on a topic from the publisher, it distributes it to all subscribers. As a result, brokers are in charge of obtaining data from publishers and forwarding it to the correct consumers.

Push-Draw Communication Paradigm: In this communication model, data producers push data into queues, while data consumers pull data from the queues. Neither the manufacturer nor the consumer needs to be aware of one another. The queues aid in the decoupling of signals between consumers and producers. Queues also serve as a buffer when the rate at which producers push data differs from the rate at which consumers pull it.

Exclusive-Pair Model: Exclusive pairs are bidirectional, full-duplex communication models established for Client-server relationships that are continual or continuous. Clients and servers can exchange messages after establishing a connection. The connection remains open as long as the client does not send a request to disconnect it. Every open connection is visible to the server.

8. Create some of the most popular IoT apps.

The following are some of the most prevalent IoT applications in the real world:

Smart Houses: One of the most practical IoT applications is smart homes. Though IoT is used at various levels in smart homes, the greatest one combines intelligent systems with entertainment. Example: Set-top box with remote recording capability, automatic lighting system, smart lock, and so on.
Connected Health: Real-time monitoring and patient care are possible with connected health systems. Patient data helps doctors make better judgments. In addition, the Internet of Things improves the power, precision, and availability of present devices.
Wearables: One of the first sectors to use IoT at scale was the wearables industry. Today, a variety of wearable gadgets are available, including Fitbits, heart rate monitors, and smartwatches are all popular options.
Connected Automobiles: Connected cars employ onboard sensors and internet connectivity to improve their operation, maintenance, and passenger comfort. Tesla, BMW, Apple, and Google are among the main automakers working on the next revolution in the automobile business.

Hospitality: Using IoT in the hotel industry results in a higher level of service quality. Using electronic keys supplied directly to guests' mobile devices, several interactions can be automated. As a result of IoT technology, integrated applications can track visitors' positions, give offers or information about fun activities, place room service or room order orders, and automatically charge the room account.

Farming: A wide range of implements are used. Drip irrigation, crop patterns, water distribution, drones for farm surveillance, and other issues were addressed. These solutions will allow farmers to enhance yields while also addressing problems.

9. Describe the Internet of Things.

IoT devices are powered by artificial intelligence. Sensors, a cloud component, data processing software, and cutting-edge user interfaces are all part of the Internet of Things.

Sensors and gadgets are connected to the cloud via some sort of connectivity in IoT systems. A Raspberry Pi with a quadcore processor can be utilized as an IoT device's "Internet gateway." It's a card-sized computer with GIPO (general purpose input/output) pins for controlling outputs and sensors for collecting data about real-world circumstances. A sensor collects real-time data from the environment and sends it to the cloud infrastructure. The software may evaluate the data once it reaches the cloud and decides what action to take, such as forwarding it. 

10. What does BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) stand for?

BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) is a sort of Bluetooth that requires less power and energy, according to beginners. BLE, or Bluetooth Smart, is a relatively new kind of Bluetooth technology that uses significantly less power and expenses while providing a comparable range of communication. BLE is not a substitute for Classic Bluetooth, as seen in the diagram, and they both serve a specific market. The Bluetooth Low Energy technology was created to help with the Internet of Things. In general, the Internet of Things is connecting objects, usually over a wireless connection such as Bluetooth low energy, so that they may communicate and share data. It has BLE has become a favored and optimal alternative for IoT because of its excellent energy economy. Bluetooth LE is increasingly being used by IoT enthusiasts and application developers to link smart devices.

11. What is the purpose of a thermocouple sensor?

A thermocouple is a temperature sensor that uses two metal parts to monitor the temperature. The temperature is taken at the intersection of these two metal pieces, which are linked at one end. The metal conductors provide a modest voltage that can be used to calculate the temperature. A thermocouple is a basic, reliable, and inexpensive temperature sensor that comes in a variety of shapes and sizes. They also have a wide temperature range, making them useful for a wide range of applications, including scientific research, industrial settings, and home appliances.

12. Define the phrase "smart city" in the context of IoT.

Since its beginnings, IoT technology has been a driving factor behind the development of smart cities. The Internet of Things (IoT) will As more countries adopt next-generation connectivity, the influence on our lives will expand. Smart cities use IoT devices like connected sensors, lights, and meters to collect and analyze data. Cities use this information to improve infrastructure, utilities, and other civic services as a result. 

The Internet of Things can be used to develop intelligent energy grids, automated waste management systems, smart homes, enhanced security systems, traffic control mechanisms, water conservation mechanisms, smart lighting, and more. IoT has given public utilities and urban planning a new layer of artificial intelligence and creativity, allowing them to be more intuitive. Smart houses and cities have resulted from these advancements.

13. What does PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) mean?

Have difficulties controlling the brightness of your project's LEDs? Changing the power supply voltage directly in the circuit is difficult. In that case, you can use Pulse Width Modulation (PWM).

Pulse Width Modulation (PWM), also referred to as PDM (Pulse Duration Modulation) refers to modulating the quantity of power given to a device PWM is an efficient way to manage the amount of energy given to a load without wasting any energy. It is a technique for creating an analog signal from a digital source. PWM is a voltage regulator that is used to adjust brightness in Smart Lighting Systems as well as motor speed. 

14. Describe Shodan.

Shodan (Sentient Hyper-Optimized Data Access Network) is a search engine comparable to Google that searches for maps and information about internet-connected devices and systems rather than websites. Shodan is also known as an Internet of Things search engine. Shodan, to put it simply, is an Internet-connected device identification tool. It maintains track of all machines having a direct connection to the Internet.

Shodan is a technology used by cybersecurity specialists to defend individuals, businesses, and even public utilities against cyber-attacks. Shodan allows you to search for any internet-connected device and determine whether it is publicly accessible.

15. What do you mean by Internet of Things, Contiki?

Contiki is an operating system designed for Internet of Things (IoT) devices with limited memory, power, and bandwidth. and computing power Despite its simplicity, it has many of the features that current operating systems have. It can help manage programs, processes, resources, memory, and communication. It has been a go-to operating system for many academics, researchers, and professionals due to its lightweight (by modern standards), mature, and adaptable character.

16. Identify some of the best databases for IoT.

The databases listed below are suitable for IoT:

InfluxDB
Apache Cassandra
RethinkDB
MongoDB\sSqlite\s

17. Explanation about sharding

Sharding is the process of breaking down very large databases into smaller, quicker, and easier-to-manage data shards. A shard is a small slice of data from a larger data source. Sharding is the process of splitting a logical dataset into numerous databases to store it more effectively. Sharding is required when a dataset is too large to fit into a single database.

18. What exactly do you mean when you say replication?

Data is synced between two or more servers in replication. This is a technique for storing the same data on several devices. a single website or server This feature allows data to be accessed without interruption even when the server is down or there is a lot of traffic. Users have consistent access to data without interfering with or slowing down other users' access.

Data replication is much more than a backup. A publisher is a server that generates the data, and a subscriber is a server where it is duplicated. The publisher synchronizes its transaction with the subscriber and updates subscriber data automatically using data replication. A change made by the publisher is automatically reflected in the subscriber's account.

19. Explain the distinction between IoT and M2M.

Internet of Things (IoT): It's a network made up of interconnected physical items that can collect and exchange data. These devices have embedded systems (software, electronics, networks, and sensors) that can collect data about the environment, communicate data across a network, respond to remote orders, and conduct actions based on the information gathered. M2M (Machine to Machine) technology includes the Internet of Things (IoT). M2M is when two machines communicate without the need for human involvement.

M2M (Machine to Machine): In M2M, devices communicate directly with one another over wired or wireless channels without the need for human intervention. It allows devices to communicate and exchange information. without using the internet to communicate with one another M2M communications can be used for a variety of purposes, including security, tracking and tracing, manufacturing, and facility management.

20. What exactly is an IoT Gateway? What is the function of a gateway in the Internet of Things?

IoT gateways, for example, allow IoT devices, sensors, equipment, and systems to communicate with one another. An IoT gateway is essentially a central hub for all IoT devices. It links IoT devices to one other and the cloud, transforming device communication and analyzing data to provide usable information. An IoT gateway performs several key activities, including interpreting protocols, encrypting, processing, managing, and filtering data. Gateways are used to connect devices and sensors to the cloud as part of an IoT ecosystem.
The following are some of the most prevalent uses for IoT gateways:

Devices that connect
Using the cloud to connect devices
IoT communication transformation
Filtering data
lowering safety risks, etc.

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Top 12 IOT Interview Questions

Top 12 IOT Interview Questions

Top 12 IOT Interview Questions

1. What impact does the Internet of Things (IoT) have on our daily lives?

What we commonly refer to as "smart devices" in our daily lives are IoT-enabled devices that can achieve higher levels of automation than previously possible. IoT establishes a larger network that allows diverse devices to freely connect.

As a result, their job bandwidth is increased, and they can develop a collaborative environment to automate various parts of human life. IoT's value in our daily lives ranges from sensor-driven home appliances such as refrigerators that automatically turn off when not in use to virtual assistants that can control most of your devices from your lights to your television, from your air conditioning to playing your favorite music.

The Internet of Things isn't just about our gadgets. Even our wearables have developed to keep up with the Internet of Things. You may find the IoT symbol on anything, from smartwatches to eyeglasses that act as earbuds. The transportation industry, government infrastructure, and educational endeavors are just a few examples of large-scale applications where IoT technology might be used. According to Garter, about 20.6 billion devices will have IoT parts connecting them by 2020.

 

2. How does the Internet of Things work?

Artificial intelligence is at the heart of IoT devices. Because increased connectivity and intuitive performance are at the heart of IoT technology, it includes sensor devices and custom data processing. 

mechanisms. IoT devices are a hybrid of various modern technologies in many respects. Artificial intelligence's IoT benefits

We may separate the sensors, cloud component, data processing software, and ultimately cutting-edge user interface into four categories when it comes to identifying distinct components of IoT.

The cloud supports the network connection between the devices as the sensors collect data, the software processes and stores the data collected, and the user interface teaches the device to respond to its external stimuli. The ultimate result is a highly responsive and intuitive device that considerably enhances present automation levels.

 

3. Describe the various components of the Internet of Things.

A typical Internet of Things device has four major components.

Sensors - A large part of IoT is environment adaptability, and the sensors in IoT devices are a big part of that. Sensors are devices that allow IoT devices to collect data from their environment. They can be thought of as instruments that sense the surroundings and execute a variety of activities. Sensors enable IoT devices to integrate with the real world. It can take many forms. From a simple GPS on your phone to a social media platform's live video capability.

Connectivity- With the introduction of cloud computing, devices can be deployed on a cloud platform and, over time, can freely interact with one another. on a more affordable and transparent scale Cloud computing allows IoT devices to be free of exclusive network providers. Small network connection channels such as mobile satellite networks, WAN, Bluetooth, and others are employed instead.

Data Processing — Once the sensors have collected the ambient stimuli and transmitted them to the cloud, the data processors must process the information and perform the appropriate duties. Data processing software is significantly responsible for boosting the automation in IoT devices, from regulating the temperature of the air conditioner to facial recognition on mobile phones or biometric devices.

User Interface - The Internet of Things offered a new paradigm for active interaction and engagement among available devices. This has had a significant impact on the user interface. Rather than being one-way, In contrast to typical device communication protocols, IoT allows for cascading effects on end-user commands. This is why IoT devices are more communicative and active than ever before.

 

4. What is the current level of use of IoT devices?

According to data from a Cisco analysis, IoT devices are not only ubiquitous but also substantial contributors to global capital. According to the analysis, IoTs would generate 14.4 trillion USD in value across various businesses over the next decade.

When we consider the impact of IoT in our daily lives, it is unsurprising. You can find IOT footprints, and carbon footprints, in almost any part of life. IoTs have invaded every area of our daily lives, from watches that supplement time-telling capabilities with bodily metrics count and track your workout routines to refrigerators that automatically switch off when not in use.

Compare the age of walkmans and CDROMs to today's trends of Alexa and Siri-guided music listening routines. You'd understand how beneficial IoTs have been. Governments, transportation, and education sectors are all using IOT technology to revolutionize their services at the macrocosmic level. This has paved the way for smart city development.

 

5. What role does the Internet of Things play in the creation of smart cities?

The intuitive features of IoT devices, together with increased network involvement, enable IoT to boost infrastructure planning adaptability, transparency, and efficiency. To take off, IOT also embeds energy-efficient solutions. Overall, because of the numerous benefits that IoT provides, the government can work toward the creation of smart cities all around the world.

Using the Intelligent energy grids, automated waste management systems, smart houses, improved security systems, improved traffic management mechanisms, advanced security features, water conservation mechanisms, and much more are all conceivable with the help of the Internet of Things. IoT has enabled public utilities and urban planning to be highly intuitive, thanks to the two-pronged blessings of artificial intelligence and innovation. Smart homes and smart cities have resulted as a result of these developments.

 

6. What role does the community play in IoT development?

The proper operation of end-user goals is heavily reliant on network participation in the Internet of Things. The cloud platforms enable active network interactions between various "smart devices," which scale up the functionality of a large number of active gadgets with IoT capabilities.

The term "net of entirety" is frequently used to describe refers to the electromagnetic spectrum provided by cloud platforms for IoT deployment. To function, IoTs require both licensed and unlicensed platforms. To gain a better understanding of IoT, one needs to be aware of IoT Real World Applications in 2020.

 

7. What's the difference between IIOT and business IOT?

While the Internet of Things (IoT) refers to consumer-oriented devices such as smartphones and thermostats that execute operations that provide consumer utilities, commercial IoT or IIOT refers to large-scale structures or systems that are typically used at the industrial level. Fire alarms, for instance. Because the main difference is in the magnitude of the impact, a failure in IIOT is more likely to harm a larger population.

 

8. How does the Internet of Things save energy?

One of the most significant advantages of the Internet of Things is that it makes electronics more environmentally friendly and decreases carbon emissions significantly. The IoT gadgets can conserve energy by engaging in context-conscious automation. Refrigerators that switch off, for example.

Road light fixtures that are turned off when not in use can save over 40% of electricity.

 

9. What are the economic implications of greater IoT adoption?

IoT is acknowledged to have a good impact on several industries' economic standards. IoTs can drastically cut labor and energy costs by supporting improved resource management and minimizing response time and human interventions. This, in turn, can help big industries enhance their supply chains, allowing for lower-cost product distribution. This not only helps businesses make more money but also helps to increase the available production infrastructure. Overall, IoT scalability is excellent, and as a result, IoT applications save money in the long run. 

 

10. How is the Internet of Things affecting the healthcare industry?

To a considerable extent, the Internet of Things has revolutionized healthcare services and diagnostic practices. IoT devices in the healthcare industry have significantly helped to make medical practices more effective, transparent, and economical, from improving testing precision to making surgeries and implants faster and more efficient. Furthermore, fitness bands and smartwatches can now effortlessly track fitness indicators. We can thank the Internet of Things for expanding the scope of fitness monitoring. 

 

11. What are the different sorts of data that can be shared between IoT devices?

At this time, it would not be far-fetched to say that the types of data that IoT objects can process and store are virtually limitless. Because intercommunication between network devices lies at the heart of IoT's functioning, pretty much any data that can be put on the cloud may be sent from one IoT device to another.

The type of data that an IoT gadget can collect and respond to is determined by its surroundings and sensor settings. A thermometer, for example, can transmit weather statistics intuitively, but a clinical sensor will be required to provide information about health factors such as blood pressure. 

12. What are the barriers to mainstream IoT adoption?

While the benefits of IoT are numerous, and the economy appears to be swiftly shifting toward an IoT-centric environment, there are a few drawbacks to its use.

First and foremost, the deployment of IoT poses a significant security risk. This is because when various devices inside a cloud network form connections, control over system authentication is diluted. Anyone can now access any data from a vast network of connected devices.

Second, and related to security, data privacy is a significant concern. A significant quantity of user data is released inside the network, and users frequently lose control over their data.

Furthermore, while IoT use is growing,

Although the deployment process is resource-efficient, it is also complex and can be costly.

Finally, because of the complicated networking aspects, regulations are frequently violated. On numerous occasions, IoT might go against the grain.

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Selenium Question and Answers

Selenium Question and Answers

Selenium Question and Answers

Q.1Does selenium require Java?

No, Selenium does not require Java.

Selenium is written in the Java programming language, therefore understanding the Java programming language is beneficial to understanding Selenium internals.

Selenium allows you to write test cases in any programming language you want, including C#, PHP, Python, and others.

 

Q.2How come Selenium Automation Tool is preferred?

The following are some of the reasons why you should use the Selenium Automation Tool:

1. It is open source and free.

2. It has a vast user base and a reputation for assisting communities.

3. It is compatible with all major browsers.

4. It is cross-platform compatible.

5. It supports a variety of programming languages, including Java, Perl, Phyton, Php, C#, and others.

 

Q.3How does Selenium make advantage of xpath?

Selenium's XPath

The HTML DOM data structure is used to locate items on a webpage.

 

XPath becomes XML Path. The Selenium selector XPath is used to pick certain items on a web page. For discovering elements on a webpage, XPath uses an XML path expression.

 

Selenium's most popular selector is XPath.

 

Q.4What does Selenium IDE mean to you?

Selenium IDE is a Firefox plugin that stands for Selenium Integrated Development Environment. The Selenium IDE framework is the most basic in the Selenium Suite.

 

It allows you to record and playback scripts. Although Selenium IDE allows us to build scripts, we must use Selenium RC or Selenium WebDriver to write more advanced and comprehensive test cases.

 

Q.5Can Python be used in Selenium?

Yes, Selenium is helpful.

Python is an open-source programming language.

 

Selenium includes a Python driver that allows you to create test cases for web applications using the Python programming language.

 

The following Python frameworks are supported by Selenium.

 

Unittest

Pyunit

py.test

framework for robots

 

Q.6What is your definition of Selenium RC?

Selenium RC or Selenium Remote Control was one of the main Selenium project for a long time period prior to the WebDriver merge brought up Selenium.

 

Q.7What is Selenium WebDriver and how does it work?

Selenium WebDriver is a browser automation framework that takes user input and sends it to a browser. A browser-specific driver is used to implement Selenium WebDriver.

As a result, it is able to control the browser by interacting directly with it. Java, C#, PHP, Python, Perl, and Ruby are all supported by Selenium WebDriver.

 

Q.8What is the definition of Selenium Grid?

Selenium Grid is referred as a tool used together with Selenium RC used to run tests on different machines against different browsers in parallel.

In other words, running multiple tests at the same time against different machines running different

Browsers and operating systems are two examples. It is generally used to distribute the execution of your tests across multiple platforms and environments at the same time.

 

Q.9When should Selenium Grid be used?

Selenium Grid is generally used to distribute test execution by running the same or different test scripts on several platforms and browsers at the same time.

 

Q.10Can you tell me more about Selenium Automation Testing?

Selenium Automation Testing entails utilising the Selenium automation tool to test a web application against many web browsers and versions, such as Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and others.

With the rise of the internet and e-commerce, web application development and testing on many web browsers and versions is in high demand.

Selenium is an open source tool that automates this time-consuming task.

Selenium also allows you to develop programmes for your test cases. C#, PHP, Python, and other programming languages are available.

 

Q.11Which WebDriver implementation claims to be the most efficient?

Because HTMLUnitDriver does not conduct tests in the browser, it claims to be the fastest implementation of WebDriver.

 

Q.12How well do you understand XPath?

The most common usage of XPath is to locate elements. We may use XPath to navigate between elements and attributes in an XML document and find web elements such as textboxes, buttons, checkboxes, and images in a web page.

 

Q.13 In Selenium, can you tell the difference between "/" and "/"?

Single Slash "/" – A single slash is typically used to create an XPath with an absolute path, which implies the XPath will begin with the document node/start node.

Double Slash "//" – Double slash is used to create XPath with relative values.

This means that the XPath will be built to allow selection to begin anywhere in the document.

 

Q.14In Selenium, which verification points should be considered?

In Selenium IDE, the Verify and Assert commands are used as Verification points. There are no built-in features for verification points in Selenium WebDriver.

It is entirely dependent on the coding style employed. The following are some of the verification points: 1. Look for the page title
2. Look for a specific sentence 3. Look for a specific element (text box, button, drop down, etc.)

 

Q.15How will you use Selenium WebDriver to run a browser?

Selenium WebDriver is an interface that allows us to generate an object of a needed driver class, such as FirefoxDriver, ChromeDriver, or InternetExplorerDriver.

1. To start Firefox Driver, follow these steps:
new FirefoxDriver(); WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); 

2. To use ChromeDriver, call WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver().

3. To use the Internet Explorer Driver, use the following code: WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();

4. To use SafariDriver, type WebDriver driver = new SafariDriver().
If you're using the geckodriver with Selenium, you'll need to upgrade to version 3.3.

 

Q.16How would you tell the difference between get() and navigate.to("url")?

The following are the points of distinction:
When you use driver.get() to open a URL, it will wait until the entire page has loaded. driver.navigate.to() is a function that navigates to a URL without waiting for the entire page to load.

 

Q.17 Can you travel back and forth in a browser using Selenium WebDriver?

To move back and forth in a browser, we can use the Navigate interface. The techniques to go back, forward, and refresh a page are listed below.

1. driver.navigate().forward(); – This function is used to travel to the next web page using the browser's history.

2. driver.navigate().back(); – This method is used to return to a previous webpage using a reference to.

the history of the browser

3. driver.navigate().refresh(); – It is used to reload all of the web elements by refreshing the current web page.

4. url = driver.navigate().to("url"); It's used to open a new web browser window and go to a specific URL.

 

Q.18 In Selenium WebDriver, how can we take a screenshot?

Test cases may fail during the execution of the test scripts. You can simply capture a screenshot and save it in a result repository while manually executing the test cases. Selenium WebDriver can be used to accomplish the same thing.

The following are some circumstances that need the use of Selenium WebDriver to capture a screenshot:

1. Application troubles

2. Inability to Make an Assertion

3. Finding Webelements on the web page is difficult.

4. Take a break to look for Webelements on the page.

In addition, selenium provides a user interface known as

TakesScreenshot contains a method called 'getScreenShotAs' that may be used to capture a screenshot of the programme being tested.

When capturing screenshots in Selenium 3, there's a chance you'll run into some problems. We can utilise the aShot utility to get around this problem.

 

Q.19How will you deal with pop-up windows?

Selenium does not support programmes that run on Windows. Because it is an automation test, both tools only allow web application testing.

Selenium can also manage windows-based popups with the help of third-party products like AutoIT and Robot class.

 

Q.20How do you read test data from an excel spreadsheet?

Using JXL or the POI API, we can easily read test data. POI API has a number of advantages over JXL.

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Selenium Interview Questions

Selenium Interview Questions

Selenium Interview Questions

Q. 1 What is selenium's function?

Selenium is a free open source program that automates web browser interaction and, as a result, web application testing.

Users can access web or mobile applications using a variety of web browsers, including Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Internet Explorer, and others, as well as different versions of each web browser.

Checking the functionality, load, and performance of a web application on each web browser and their corresponding versions is a complex undertaking.

Selenium

Runs on a variety of web browsers and OS systems.

Different programming languages and testing frameworks can access it.

Selenium is a mineral that can be used for a variety of purposes.

Web applications are put to the test.

Apps for mobile devices that operate in web browsers are tested.

Carry out regression testing

Carry out functional tests

There is a headless browser option available.

It's also suitable for

scraping the internet

Provides full data capture and logging.

It also has a graphical representation.

All major programming languages are supported.

The programming languages and testing frameworks that are supported are as follows:

NUnit - NUnit - NUnit - NUnit - NU

Haskell

JUnit and TestNG are two Java testing frameworks.

WebdriverJS, WebdriverIO, NightwatchJS, and NemoJS are JavaScript libraries.

Objective-C

Perl

Behat + Mink - PHP

unit test, by unit, py. test, robot framework, Python

R

RSpec, Test::Unit, Ruby

The following web browsers are supported:

Support for Firefox Firefox is the most recent release, the most recent ESR release, and the most recent ESR release.

Versions 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 of Internet Explorer are supported. Version 11 necessitates further setup.

Safari 5.1+ is required for SafariDriver.

Opera - Opera - Opera

Starting with Opera version 26, ChromiumDriver can be used without any further configuration on Chromium-based versions of the browser.

Chrome (versions 70 and up)

Various Operating Systems

Most versions of Microsoft Windows begin with XP. 

Apple OS X is the most recent version of Apple's operating system.

Ubuntu is the most recent stable release of Linux.

 

Q. 2 What does selenium imply?

Selenium is a suite of software tools for automating web application software testing.

Selenium works with a variety of web browsers and versions. Selenium is compatible with a variety of testing frameworks and operating systems.

Selenium is primarily utilized as a catalyst as a chemical, and Selenium software tools are similarly employed as catalysts for web application testing.

 

Q. 3 What is the best programming language for selenium?

The best programming language for selenium is Java.

Because Selenium was created in the Java programming language, that's why.

You will be able to comprehend and interact with Selenium internals, which is written in Java.

As a result, the programming language most suited for selenium is Java.

 

Q.4 What is the function of the selenium driver?

The programming language bindings that connect to Selenium WebDriver are referred to as Selenium drivers.

Selenium drivers are libraries for each programming language that Selenium supports. The Selenium Webdriver API is exposed to the supported programming language via the Selenium driver or library.

The programming languages and testing frameworks that are supported are as follows:

NUnit Haskell - C#
JUnit and TestNG are two Java testing frameworks.
Objective-C Perl WebdriverJS, WebdriverIO, NightwatchJS, NemoJS JavaScript
Behat + Mink - PHP
Robot framework R, Python - unit test, by unit, py. test
RSpec, Test::Unit, Ruby
For example, the Selenium Webdriver API in C# will allow you to control Selenium from a C# program or test case.

 

Q. 5 What is the major application of selenium?

Selenium is mostly used to test web applications across several browsers and versions.

Selenium is a collection of cross-browser testing tools.

Selenium, according to its creators, automates browsers.

Popular web browsers include Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer, Safari, and others.

There are several versions of each web browser.

As a result, testing across many browsers and versions is a complex undertaking, and automating it minimizes testing time and effort.

Selenium is mostly used for online and mobile application automation testing. 

 

Q. 6 In selenium, what is TestNG?

Selenium's TestNG is used to generate reports on the many tests that it runs. Selenium is a tool that automates the testing of web browser applications.

Both TestNG and Selenium are integrated to conduct automated tests for online and mobile applications, merging several tests into test suites and delivering complete test results in a variety of forms, including HTML.

TestNG is a Selenium plugin that makes it easier to generate Selenium test reports.

 

Q. 7 What is selenium and what does it do?

Selenium is a tool for automating tests. Selenium automates web application testing across numerous web browsers and versions of web browsers.

Selenium is the most common web application testing tool since it is open source and hence very popular in the open source community.

 

Q. 8 Do you think it's better to use Selenium with Java or C#?

Because Selenium was created in the Java programming language, it is better with Java.

Selenium is better integrated with Java, and software testing specialists that are familiar with Java can pick up Selenium rapidly.

Selenium supports a variety of Java frameworks.

 

Q. 9 Is Selenium with Python a good combination?

Yes, Selenium with Python adds the ability to automate web application testing to the Python programming language.

Selenium is an open-source web application testing tool that tests web applications against a variety of web browsers and versions, such as Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and others.

Web applications written in the Python programming language can be evaluated in a variety of browsers and versions, including Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and others.

 

Q. 10 Under Selenium Grid, what is the default maximum number of browsers that can operate in parallel on a node?

a total of 5 browsers
What are the fundamentals of selenium?
Selenium Web Driver is a middleman that accepts test cases written in various programming languages such as C#, PHP, Python, and others and executes them on web browsers according to setup.

Selenium can test web applications in a variety of browsers and versions, including Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and others.

Selenium supports a variety of programming languages through several "drivers" or libraries that link to the Selenium API.

 

Q. 12 What are the benefits of a linear software testing framework?

The following are some of the benefits of using a linear framework for software testing:

1. Automation knowledge is not required because we will only be using the 'Record' and 'Playback' features.

2. Test scripts are simple to write and take a short amount of time to complete.

3. Because the scripts are written in a linear format, understanding the flow is quite simple.

 

Q.13 Can you tell me about the types of tests you've automated?

The main focus is on automating test cases to do regression, smoke, and sanity testing.

The tests are sometimes depending on the project and the estimated test time, with an emphasis on End to End testing.

 

Q. 14 How do I create an Edge browser session using the right syntax? 

WebDriver driver = new EdgeDriver() is the right form for creating an Edge browser session.

 

Q.15In a day, how many test cases have you automated?

This is entirely dependent on the complexity and length of the test case scenario. In a single day, I've automated 4-5 test scenarios with a low level of complexity.

However, there are instances when only two or fewer test cases are run in a day, resulting in a high level of complexity.

 

Q.16 Which domain is served by a web application?

B2C or e-commerce websites, B2B or trading websites, and organisational internal needs are all served by this web application.

 

Q.17 What do you mean when you say "framework"?

A framework can be defined as a set of rules or best practices that can be implemented methodically to accomplish desired outcomes.

It provides a variety of automation frameworks, such as

Data Driven Testing Framework, Keyword Driven Testing Framework, and Hybrid Testing Framework are all examples of testing frameworks.

 

Q.18 Is Selenium a cost-free program?

Yes, Selenium is an open-source tool for testing web applications against different web browsers and versions, such as Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and others.

You do not have to pay a license fee to use the tool. The tool does not have a license charge or a usage limit.

The only cost associated with Selenium is the time and money invested in learning and evaluating the tool. 

 

Q.19 In Selenium, which object prototype is utilized to extend Selenium?

Paget is a prototype object.

 

Q. 20 Have you ever designed a Framework before?

Following are some situations that can be used in response to the interview question:

1. If you're a beginner: If you're a beginner, you can clearly say "No,

I didn't get the chance to build a framework from the ground up. However, I made advantage of the framework that is already in place. Using the current framework, I primarily contributed to the creation of test cases.

2. In this example, you are a beginner with a decent understanding of framework creation: "Yes, I was active in designing framework along with other automation testers in my organization," you can begin.

3. If you're a seasoned tester, consider the following: "Yes, I have constructed framework from the ground up," you can say as an experienced professional. My previous organization did not have any automation processes."

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AML/KYC Interview Questions

AML/KYC Interview Questions

AML/KYC Interview Questions

Q.1 What does "pooled accounts" imply?

A pooled account is a fiduciary account in which numerous people' investments are pooled together.

 

Q.2 What are some parameters that can be used to improve due diligence?

Customer location, financial state, nature of business or transaction purpose are the parameters for enhanced due diligence.

 

Q.3What does KYC Policy imply?

In India, all banks are required to have a KYC policy, as mandated by the RBI. Customer Acceptance Policy, Customer Identification Procedures, Transaction Monitoring, and Risk Management are all listed in the KYC policy.

 

Q.4 Describe the AML/KYC Customer Acceptance Policy.

The customer acceptance policy outlines the procedures to be followed when a consumer opens an account. The policy lists the documents required for identification as well as other required client characteristics.

 

Q.5Explain the AML/KYC client identification procedure.

The Client identification procedure is the process of identifying a customer using documents and other available information in order to comply with government-mandated AML/KYC rules.

 

Q.6How will you recognise transactions that are suspicious?

Observation, study of Exception Reports, and the use of AML Software can all be used to spot suspicious transactions.

 

Q.7What can cause a transaction to be considered suspicious?

There are a variety of reasons for a transaction to seem suspicious, including false identity, incorrect address, or doubt about the account's true recipient.

 

Q.8What does "name screening" imply?

Name screening is used to see if any of the institution's customers are on any blacklists or regulatory lists.

 

Q.9Who can be considered a customer for KYC purposes?

A customer is an individual or a business that maintains an account, forms a relationship, or has an account managed on their behalf or is a beneficiary of accounts kept by intermediaries.

 

Q.10When do employees receive induction training?

Employees receive induction training when they begin working for the company. Induction training is required.

is a type of orientation for new employees to enable them to perform their duties in a new profession or job role within a company (or establishment).

 

Q.11What does the BR Act of 1949 contain?

It includes AML/KYC policies.

 

 Q.12 What does CTR stand  for?

According to the PMLA, a cash transaction report is required.

It's also known as a currency transaction report.

 

Q.13What what do you mean when you say "money laundering"?

Money laundering is the concealment of the source of funds received by illegal means such as gambling, corruption, extortion, drug trafficking, and human trafficking. Money is moved around the financial system repeatedly in such a way that its source is obscured. It's the process of cleaning up dirty money.

 

Q.14Please take a look at the KYC procedure listed below. Determine which KYC aspect is the most effective.

corresponds to the practise that has been stated. The creation of a robust information base about each consumer is made possible by effective information-gathering tactics. This is known as

Identification of the customer, It entails effective information-gathering tactics that allow for the creation of a robust data base about each customer. Banks must spell out the Customer Identification Procedure to be followed at various stages, such as when establishing a banking relationship, conducting a financial transaction, or when the bank has doubts about the authenticity, veracity, or adequacy of previously obtained customer identification data.

 

Q.15What are the KYC objectives?

The goals of KYC are to ensure proper customer identity and to monitor questionable transactions.

What are the phases of money laundering?

 

Q.16 What are the stages of money laundering?

Integration, Layering, and Placement are the three stages of money laundering.

 

Q.17Why do Anti-Money Laundering Checks need to be done?

Since the Proceeds of Crime Act, the Serious Organized Crime and Police Act, the Terrorist Act, and the Money Laundering Requirements control the AML regulations. Failure to report suspicious activities might result in a criminal charge as well as hefty fines from the regulating agency.

 

Q.18Will you still need to conduct customer due diligence if you've been dealing with my clients for a long time?

We need to make sure that our customers are paid on time.

all clients' due diligence is up to date We would need sufficient documentary ID details on the files, but if their circumstances or risk profile have changed since then, we should update the customer due diligence.

 

Q.19Can you explain what money laundering and financial terrorism are?

Money laundering is the process of converting illegally obtained funds into funds that appear to have come from a legitimate source. Money laundering is used by money launderers all over the world to hide illicit behaviour such as drug trafficking, terrorism, and extortion.

 

Q.20What is a Know Your Customer (KYC) Policy?

All banks are expected to create a KYC Policy with the consent of their respective boards, according to RBI instructions published vide. The following are the components of the KYC Policy: 1. Customer Acceptance Policy is a critical component. 2. Procedures for identifying customers 3. Transactions Monitoring 4. Management of risk.

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Top 22 Selenium Interview Questions

Top 22 Selenium Interview Questions

Top 22 Selenium Interview Questions

1) What is the primary distinction between web-driver and RC?

The key distinction between Selenium RC and Webdriver is that when a page is loaded, Selenium RC injects javascript functions into browsers. Selenium Webdriver, on the other hand, uses the browser's built-in functionality to drive the browser.

 

2) What are some of the benefits of RC?

The following are some of the benefits of RC:

Can read and write data from and to.xls,.txt, and other formats.

It can handle dynamic objects as well as Ajax-based user interface elements.

For improved performance and flexibility, loops and conditions might be used.

Many programming languages and operating systems are supported.

Selenium RC can be used in any browser that supports JAVA scripts.

 

3) What is a framework, and what are the many types of frameworks accessible in RC?

A collection of libraries and other resources

The term "framework" refers to a set of classes that testers can use to automate test cases. Some of the frameworks available in RC are NUnit, JUnit, TestNG, Bromine, RSpec, and unittest.

 

4) How do we deal with pop-ups in RC?

To handle pop-ups in RC, use the selectWindow method to pick the pop-up window, and the windowFocus method to transfer control from the current window to the pop-up windows and conduct scripted actions.

 

5) What technological constraints are there while utilising Selenium RC?

Apart from the JavaScript constraint on "same origin policy," Selenium is also prohibited from testing anything that is not within the browser.

 

6) Can we use Selenium RC without Selenium Grid to run tests on two distinct browsers on the same operating system?

Yes, it is conceivable under some circumstances. You aren't making use of the JAVA testing framework. If you use the Selenium java client driver instead of the Java testing framework, TestNG allows you to do this. You can set tests to run in parallel and define two different tests, each using a different browser, by using the "parallel=test" element.

 

7) What is the benefit of using TestNG with Selenium RC?

You'll need a mechanism to run the tests from a command line process, results that tell you what happened, and flexibility in how you build your test suites if you want complete automation across many server and client platforms. This flexibility is provided by TestNG.

 

8) How do you use Selenium Server to capture server-side logs?

You can use the command to capture server side logs in Selenium Server.

Other than the usual port 4444, how can you start Selenium Server? java –jar.jar –log selenium.log

 

9)Other than the default port, you can start Selenium server on java-jar selenium-server.jar-port.

You can run Selenium server on java-jar selenium-server.jar-port other than its default port

 

10) How does the Selenium grid hub communicate with the RC slave machine?

The selenium grid hub continues to poll at a predetermined interval.

startpoint specifies where the execution should start. When you wish to run the testscript from the middle of the code or from a breakpoint, you can use startpoint.

 

11) Explain why Python is preferred over Java in Selenium.

There are a few advantages of using Python with Selenium versus Java.

When compared to Python programmes, Java programmes run slower.

To begin and finish blocks in Java, standard braces are used, whereas indentation is used in Python.

Python is dynamically typed, whereas Java uses static typing.

In comparison to Java, Python is simpler and more compact.

 

12) What are the difficulties in using Selenium Webdriver to handle Ajax calls?

Handling Ajax Calls in Selenium Webdriver presents a number of issues.

Using the "pause" command to handle Ajax calls is a good idea.

Not entirely dependable. The test becomes excessively slow and the testing time grows as a result of the long pause period. In order to test Ajax applications, "waitforcondition" will be more useful.

It's impossible to determine the level of risk connected with specific Ajax apps.

Giving developers complete control over Ajax applications complicates the testing process.

As a result, AJAX applications frequently employ multiple encoding or serialisation techniques to deliver POST data, making it challenging for testing tools to create automated test requests.

 

13) Explain what IntelliJ is.

Intellij is a Selenium IDE that helps you build better and faster code. Intellij can be used in conjunction with Eclipse and Java beans.

 

14) Explain how you can personalise the TestNG report.

In TestNG, you may personalise the report.

in two ways

Implementing the ITestListener Interface

How to Use the IReporter Interface

 

15) What Java API is necessary to generate PDF reports?

Java API IText is required to generate PDF reports.

 

16) Explain what Selenium WebDriver's Listeners are.

Listeners in Selenium WebDriver "listen" to the event defined in the selenium script and respond appropriately. It allows you to personalise TestNG reports and logs. WebDriver Listeners and TestNG Listeners are the two basic types of listeners.

 

17) What are the different sorts of listeners in TestNG?

In TestNG, there are three sorts of listeners:

IAnnotationTransformer

IAnnotationTransformer2

IConfigurable

IConfigurationListener

IExecutionListener

IHookable

IInvokedMethodListener

IInvokedMethodListener2

IMethodInterceptor

IReporter

ISuiteListener

ITestListener

 

18) What is the required capability? In terms of Selenium, how does it help?

The intended capability is a set of key/value pairs for storing the information.

The behaviour of the browser at run time is determined by browser properties such as the browser name, browser version, the path of the browser driver in the system, and so on.

In the case of selenium,

It can be used to set up the Selenium WebDriver driver instance.

When you need to execute the test cases in a different browser, on a different operating system, and on a different version of the software.

 

19) What API is required for database testing in Selenium Webdriver?

JDBC (Java Database Connectivity) API is required for database testing in Selenium Webdriver. You can use it to run SQL statements.

 

20) When should you use AutoIT?

Selenium is a tool for automating web-based applications across many browsers. However, AutoIT is required to manage the application's window GUI and non-HTML popups. learn more about using AutoIT with Selenium

 

21) Explain why you require Session Handling when using Selenium.

Session Handling is required while working with Selenium. This is because the Selenium WebDriver must constantly communicate with the browser to perform commands throughout test execution. It's also possible that, before the current execution completes, someone else on the same machine and using the same browser starts executing a different script. Session Handling is required to avoid such a predicament.

 

22) Describe the benefits of using Git Hub for Selenium.

The benefits of using Git Hub for Selenium are as follows:

When multiple people work on the same project, they can simultaneously change project data and tell other team members.

Jenkins can assist you in frequently building the project from the remote repository. This aids in the tracking of failed builds.

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Top 25 Selenium interview Questions

Top 25 Selenium Interview Questions

Top 25 Selenium Interview Questions

1) Can you explain how to iterate through test script options?

Loop elements of the programming language can be used to iterate through alternatives in a test script; for example, in Java, the "for" loop can be used to type different test data in a text box.

/ in an array, test data collecting

testData = "test1," "test2," and "test3" in String[] format;

/ iterate through each set of test data

selenium.type ("elementLocator", testData) for (string s: test data);

 

2) How can you create a customised html report in the hybrid framework using TestNG?

There are three options available.

Junit: With ANT TestNG's help: To get the HTML report, use the default.html file that comes with the programme. XST reports from ANT, Selenium, and Testng combinations are also available.
Using XSL jar to convert XML material to HTML

 

3) How do you build an HTML test report from your test script?

There are three ways to build an HTML test report.

To get the HTML report, TestNG uses the inbuilt default.html file. XLST results from ANT, Selenium, and TestNG are also available.
JUnit: With the assistance of ANT
Using XSL jar to convert XML material to HTML for our own bespoke reports

 

4) How do you use the Selenium IDE to insert a break point?

Insert a break point in Selenium IDE

Right-click on the command in Selenium IDE and select "Toggle break point."

Select the command in Selenium IDE by pressing "B" on the keyboard.

Selenium IDE allows you to set several break points.

 

5) How do you debug the tests in the Selenium IDE?

Place a

Set a breakpoint from the point where you wish to run the test step by step.

Execute the test case.

The execution will be interrupted at the specified break point.

Click the blue icon to move on to the next statement.

To continue performing all of the commands at once, click the "Run" button.

 

6) What is Selenese and what are its many types?

Selenese is a set of selenium commands that are used to perform the test.

Selenese comes in three varieties.

Actions: It's utilised to carry out operations and interact with the target items.
Assertions: It serves as a reference point.
Accessors are used to keep track of the values in a variable.

 

7) Describe the limitations of the Selenium IDE.

The Selenium IDE's drawbacks

There is no exceptional handling.
Selenium IDE only works with HTML languages.
The reading of external databases is not possible with IDE.
It is not feasible to read from external files such as.txt and.xls.
The execution of conditional or branching statements such as if,else, and select statements is not possible.

 

8) In Selenium IDE, what are the two view modes?

Selenium IDE can be launched as a pop-up window or from the sidebar.

 

9) What are the element locators in the Selenium IDE that can be used to locate elements on a web page?

There are primarily four locators used in selenium.

Locators for X-paths
Locators in CSS

10) Html id Html name How do you generate random numbers and dates for test data in Selenium IDE?

Using Java Script in Selenium IDE, you may generate random integers.

type

css=input#s

javascript{Math.random()}

And for

type

css=input#s

new Date() in javascript

 

11) How can any Selenium IDE test be converted from Selenese to another language?

To convert tests, utilise the format option in Selenium IDE.

 

12)Is it possible to obtain data from a specific html table column using Selenium IDE?

The command "storeTable" can be used.

Store text from cell 0,2 of an html table, for example.

 

storeTable

 

Css=#table 0.2 Css=#table 0.2 Css=#table

 

textFromCell

 

13) What can go wrong when a Selenium IDE test fails?

When the location for an element has changed and Selenium IDE is unable to locate it

The process timed out when the element Selenium IDE waiting to access did not arrive on the web page.

When the element that Selenium IDE attempted to access was not created

 

14) How do you debug the tests in the Selenium IDE?

Place a break point at the point where you want to conduct the steps one by one.

Execute the test case.

At the specified break point, the programme is executed.

will be put on hold

Click the Blue button to go to the next step.

To run many commands at once, click the run button.

 

15) How do you run a single line from the Selenium IDE?

A single line command can be executed in two ways from the Selenium IDE.

 

Right-click on the command in Selenium IDE and select "Execute this command."

After selecting the command in Selenium IDE, press the "X" key on the keyboard.

 

16) In Selenium IDE, what format does source view display your script?

The source view in Selenium IDE displays your script in XML format.

 

17) In Selenium IDE, how can you insert a start point?

Selenium IDE can be configured in two ways.

Select the command in Selenium IDE by using the "S" key on the keyboard.
Right-click the command in Seleniun IDE and choose "Set / Clear Start Point."

 

18) How would you test your own element locator if you wrote it yourself?

To test the locator, use Selenium IDE's "Find Button." When you click it, an element will be highlighted on the screen if your element locator is correct, or an error will appear.

a message will be shown

 

19) What is the meaning of regular expressions? In Selenium, how do you use regular expressions?

A regular expression is a text string that is used to describe a search pattern. Regular expressions can be used with the keyword regexp: as a prefix to the value in Selenium IDE, and patterns for the expected values must be included.

 

20) What exactly is a core extension?

You can construct a Core Extension to "expand" the default capabilities given by Selenium Function Library. They're also referred to as "User Extensions." You can also get ready-made Core Extensions produced by other Selenium fans.

 

21) In Selenium, how will you handle dealing with multiple windows?

To switch between windows, we can use the selectWindow command. The title of Windows is used to determine which window to switch to with this command.

 

22) How will you validate a web element's precise position?

VerifyElementPositionLeft and verifyElementPositionTop might be used. It does a pixel comparison of the element's position from the left and top of the page, respectively.

 

23) What is the best way to retrieve a message from an alert box? 

The storeAlert command will retrieve the message from the alert popup and store it in a variable.

 

24) What is RC (Remote Control) selenium?

In terms of browser support and language support, Selenium IDE has several restrictions. RC restriction can be reduced by utilising Selenium.

For automating web applications, selenium RC is used with languages such as Java, C#, Perl, and Python on various platforms and web browsers.

Selenium RC is a java-based tool that can communicate with a web application in any language.

You can get around the restriction by using server to run your automation script against any web application.

 

25) What is the purpose of Selenium RC?

Many functionalities, like as condition statements, iteration, logging, and so on, are not directly supported by Selenium IDE. Because the IDE only supports HTML, it can't do things like report test results or handle unexpected errors. To deal with such problems, Selenium RC is utilised, and it supports languages such as Perl, Ruby, Python, and PHP. We can develop programmes in these languages to solve IDE concerns.

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Selenium Interview Question and Answers

Selenium Interview Question and Answers

Selenium Interview Question and Answers

1) What is an Object Repository, and how does it work?

An object repository is a critical component of any UI automation since it allows a tester to keep all of the objects that will be utilised in the scripts in one or more centralised locations rather than scattering them throughout the test scripts.

 

2) What is the Selenium Grid and how does it work?

The tests were delivered to the hub by Selenium Grid. These tests are routed through Selenium Webdriver, which opens the browser and runs the test. It is possible to run tests in parallel using the whole test suite.

 

3) Is Selenium grid suitable for performance testing?

Yes. However, it does not perform as well as a specialised Performance Testing tool such as Loadrunner.

 

4) What are the benefits of using Webdriver instead of Selenium Server?

You don't require the Selenium-WebDriver plugin if you're using Selenium-WebDriver.

Selenium Server is unique in that it use a completely separate technology.

Selenium Server has Selenium RC capabilities, which is needed for backwards compatibility with Selenium 1.0.

Selenium Web driver provides direct calls to browsers, taking advantage of each browser's inherent automation functionality, whereas Selenium RC relies on the selenium server injecting Javascript into the browser.

 

5) What capabilities does Selenium WebDriver or Selenium 2.0 have?

When you need better support for something, WebDriver is the way to go.

Multiple frames, pop-ups, browser windows, and notifications to manage
Page navigation and Ajax-based UI elements that can be dragged and dropped
Multi-browser testing, including better capability for Selenium 1.0 browsers that aren't well supported

 

6) What are the limitations that can be encountered while inserting capabilities in webdriver to execute tests on a browser that is not supported by a webdriver?

The "findElement" command may not perform as expected, which is a major limitation of injecting capabilities.

 

7) How can you use the Selenium Web driver to discover damaged images on a page?

The Selenium web driver can be used to find broken images on a page.

Get XPath and use tag name to get all the links on the page.
Click on each and every link on the page.

 

8) Look for the words 404/500 in the title of the destination page. How do you handle colours in a web driver?

You can use the web driver to handle colours.

By passing the 'colour' string as an argument to the getCssValue(arg0) method, you can get the colours.

 

9) How do you store a value in a text box using a web driver?

You can use the web driver to store a value in a text box by using the following command.

findElement(By.id("your Textbox")); driver.findElement(By.id("your Textbox")); driver.findElement(By.

sendKeys("your keyword"); sendKeys("your keyword"); sendKeys("your keyword

 

10) Can you explain how you can change frames?

The [driver.switchTo().frame()] method in webdrivers takes one of three arguments to switch between frames.

 

a figure: It chooses the number based on

according to its (zero-based) index

A name or identification number: Choose a frame based on its name or ID.

Previously discovered WebElement: Select a frame using the previously discovered WebElement.

 

11) Describe five different Selenium web driver exceptions.

You had five separate exceptions with Selenium web drivers.

WebDriverException
NoAlertPresentException
NoSuchWindowException
NoSuchElementException
TimeoutException

 

12) Explain how to perform a double click using Webdriver.

Using the mouse, you can do a double click.

Act = new Actions (driver); act.doubleClick(webelement);

 

13) Syntax- Actions act = new Actions (driver); act.doubleClick(webelement); How will you upload a file with Selenium?

You can enter in a file input box of an upload file using the "type" command. Then, to make file upload work, you must use JAVA's "Robot" class.

 

14) Which implementation of a web driver is the quickest?

HTMLUnitDriver's implementation is the quickest; HTMLUnitDriver does not run tests in the browser but instead sends a plain http request, which is far faster than opening a browser and running tests.

 

15) Can you explain how you can use Selenium 2.0 to manage frames?

You can use the "SwitchTo" frame technique to get control over an HTML frame.

driver.switchTo().frame(“frameName”);

To specify a frame you can use index number

driver.switchTo().frame(“parentFrame.4.frameName”);

This would bring control on frame named- “frameName” of the 4th sub frame names “parentFrame”

 

16) What is the difference between getWindowhandles() and getwindowhandle() ?

getwindowhandles(): It is used to get the address of all the open browser and its return type is Set<String>

getwindowhandle(): It is used to get the address of the current browser where the control is and return type is string

 

17) Explain how you can switch back from a frame?

To switch back from a frame use method defaultContent()

Syntax-driver.switchTo().defaultContent(); 

 

18) What are the many sorts of locators?

There are various sorts of locators.

By.id()

By.name()

By.tagName()

By.className()

By.linkText()

By.partialLinkText()

By.xpath

By.cssSelector()

 

19) In order to display the values of a variable in the output console or log, what command is used?

echo is a command that can be used to display a constant string.

You can use commands like echo $variable name>> to display the value of a variable.

PHP is used in the example above. Replace echo with System.out if you're using Java. println

 

20) Can you explain how you can use Selenium's recovery scenario?

The type of recovery scenario you utilise is determined on the programming language you use. If you're using Java, you can use exception handling to get around the problem. Using the "Try Catch Block" option within Java testing using Selenium WebDriver

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Top 12 RPA Uipath Interview Questions

Top 12 RPA uipath Interview Questions

Top 12 RPA uipath Interview Questions

1) What is the difference between doing something while doing something and doing something while doing something?

The difference between a while loop and a do-while loop is that a while loop checks the condition before looping. The do-while loop checks the condition after each statement in the loop has been executed.

 

2) What are the different kinds of robots?

There are two categories of robots: 1) those that are supervised and 2) those that are not.

 

3) Describe the equipment required to read and send letters.

The following are the tools needed to read and send email:

Microsoft Outlook is a software programme that allows you to

IBM Notes is a programme that allows you to keep track

Gmail

Microsoft Exchange is a programme that allows you to send

 

4) What are the different types of click and type input methods?

The following are examples of click and type input methods:

The default technique is

Send a message to Windows

Create a type/key simulation

 

5) What is the role of Orchestration?

A job whose responsibility is to orchestrate the execution of other jobs is known as an orchestration job.

 

6) What is the function of a credential manager?

Programmers can use the UiPath credential manager to automate the procedure. It is used to create, make, and delete the credential through specific operations.

 

7) What is the definition of an exception?

An exception is a type of error that occurs during the execution of a programme. The error-handling activity consists of four primary options: 1) stop the workflow, and 2) rethrow 3) Toss the ball, 4) Try to catch it.

 

8) What is the primary distinction between Excel and Workbook activities?

The fundamental distinction between Excel and Workbook activities is that the user cannot access password-protected popups for entering credentials in the Excel programme. 

 

9) In UiPath, what is Anchor base?

A container that searches for a UI element using other UI components is known as an anchor base. When there isn't a dependable selector available, this utility can be utilised.

 

10) Describe how email automation works.

Email automation refers to the process of automating all manual tasks such as sending emails, receiving emails, attaching attachments to emails, and downloading them.

 

11) How do I use UiPath to filter email?

Filtering mail can be done in two ways:

Email can be filtered using the if condition in each loop.
Users can also filter email using the "Get outlook" filter option, which allows them to specify filter requirements.

 

12) Describe how PDF automation works.

The process of extracting all information from PDF files is known as PDF automation.

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