AEM Interview Questions

1. What makes AEM better than other Content Management Systems (CMS)? What degree of control does AEM give you?

AEM's main advantage is its ability to create bespoke digital experiences that are tailored to each user. AEM provides best-in-class capabilities including content workflows, digital asset management, social, and multi-channel collaboration to help customers manage digital content efficiently. In addition to conventional website management, AEM is an excellent solution for managing mobile applications, mobile websites, eCommerce, and marketing campaigns. When paired with other Adobe Marketing Cloud technologies, AEM paves the way for digital marketing.

AEM allows you to generate endless customized variations of your website, including the format, distribution method, styles, and more, without having to work on multiple sets of assets.

AEM makes it simple to connect your creative and marketing operations by connecting with Adobe Creative Cloud to produce and modify assets. AEM helps your team to design, produce, and manage interactive and responsive digital experiences with simple content authoring. Images, videos, content, and other content components can all be managed using a simple interface. Data from Adobe Analytics can help you build more personalized and targeted experiences. Examine your consumers' habits and make the necessary website modifications to increase engagement and revenue.

2. Describe the distinction between CQ5.4 and CQ5.5.

Before version 5.5, CQ was based atop a servlet container (CQSE by default, but other servlet containers may be used) that hosted two web applications: one for the CRX content repository and one for the CQ content repository.

Sling and AEM were enclosed in an OSGi container. The Sling web app, which was connected to the root, handled the majority of the request processing. Here are some things to keep in mind for CQ5.5:

The OSGi container is at the heart of CQ 5.5 and AEM, with Sling's OSGi HTTP service serving as the only request-handling endpoint.

The CRX content repository is now just another OSGi service, like the others that make up the rest of the AEM functionality. AEM and Sling-based apps are unaffected by these changes.

AEM's quickstart jar installation can no longer support the use of other web applications with AEM due to the changed design.

On the other hand, the AEM for war version

on the other hand, is intended to be installed alongside other web applications on an application server.

Three new connections for Adobe products have been added: Creative Suite, Scene7, and Search & Promote.

The authors will have immediate access to mobile applications.

Hybrid software was used to provide excellent eCommerce capability.

The functions Undo(Ctrl+Z) and Redo(Ctrl+y) have been added.

3. What does AEM Testing entail?

AEM provides the Bobcat testing framework for automated tests of your AEM UI. This framework allows you to write and run UI tests directly in a web browser using a Javascript API. Hobbes.js, a Javascript-based testing suite, is also used. The Hobbes.js framework was established as part of the AEM testing process and is now open source.

accessible for public use to test AEM apps It's an open-source test automation framework for functional testing of web applications.

4. How does AEM Explorer work?

Application Explorer Missions (AEM Explorer) is an acronym for Application Explorer Missions, which was created for readers with limited vision, physical constraints, learning and attentional impairments who might benefit from enlarged, spoken, highlighted, or re-formatted text. It doesn't mention Braille, and the Explorer assumes that the guide using the program is blind.

5. What is a component in AEM?

Components are reusable modules in AEM that execute specific application logic to generate content for our website. AEM components are used to hold, format, and render the content on your web pages. Authors can edit and configure content while developing pages using the components. A component will usually include a JSP (Java Server Pages) or HTML file. HTML files provide both HTML markup and business logic for the component. A typical AEM page contains many different elements. Components are the core building pieces of AEM pages, to put it another way. 

6. What is a template in AEM?

A Template assists you in creating a consistent look for your application's pages. It also determines which components (reusable modules) can be utilized inside the selected scope. It's a node tree with the same structure as the page you'll be creating. There is no genuine stuff on it. AEM provides both static and editable templates. AEM makes use of templates in various places:

When creating a new page, you should start by selecting a template that will act as the page's basis. The template determines the final page's structure, as well as any initial content and potential components (design properties).
When creating a document, you would also select a template.

Fragment of content This template defines the structure, fundamental elements, and variants.

7. What are AEM Connectors, exactly?

Similar to our search engine independent connectors, the AEM Connector works with a wide range of search systems, from open-source like Elasticsearch and Solr to commercial solutions like Azure Search, SharePoint Search, Endeca, and others. The AEM connector allows organizations to scan and publish their websites and digital assets to their existing search engines from within an AEM server. This allows all search tasks to be handled within the search engine, reducing the load on the AEM server and providing a wide range of search capabilities, from simple to advanced.

It has tools and procedures in place to limit the number of requests submitted in a given period.

allows the connector to send a large number of queries to the AEM server without negatively impacting its performance or availability It lets just specific persons and groups read materials that are intended for them.

8. What is a content repository's definition? What is JCR (Java Content Repository) exactly?

A content repository is essentially a digital content storage site. The structure of a content repository is frequently hierarchical and represented as a tree structure, with each node of the tree functioning as a content store site.

Java Content Repository is a Java community definition for consistently accessing content repositories (platform-independent and vendor-independent way). The first version of the specification, JSR-170 (JCR 1.0), was released first, followed by version 2. (JCR-283). The java JCR API allows you to access

Multiple classes and interfaces connect to a content repository.

9. What is the technology stack that CQ5 is built on?

The CQ5 technical stack is made up of three technologies. The technologies in question are Apache Sling, OSGi (Apache Felix), and the Java Content Repository (JCR). Apache Sling is an HTTP-based RESTful framework for interacting with a JCR. The JCR node will subsequently be mapped to the request URL. OSGi is a Java framework that allows modular applications to be built. Each module, referred to as a bundle, can be stopped and started individually during runtime. The Java Content Repository uses the JSR-170 API to access the content repository via Java, regardless of the physical implementation. CQ5 makes use of the CRX protocol.

10. What is unusual in AEM?

Sightly was added as an HTML templating language in AEM 6.0. It is the primary HTML templating solution and is meant to replace JSP files. The purpose of "sightly" is to make your markup look neat. Sightly has the following advantages:

Because there are no dependencies, it is light and speedy.
Contextual XSS (Cross-site scripting) protection and URL externalization are both automated.
Powerful — A straightforward logic API that lets you do almost anything.
Intuitive - A feature set that is simple, straightforward, and restricted.

11. Why is a Content Management System (CMS) required?

CMS stands for the content management system.

File and Web site creation and management software. The content of many websites and online applications must be updated frequently since they are dynamic. To efficiently handle these changes, it is recommended that you employ a content management system. One of the many CMS providers available is Adobe Content Management System.

12. What is the difference between a workflow and a workflow model in AEM?

Users can utilize AEM's workflow capability to automate processes in their CMS (Content Management System) instance. A workflow is a well-defined set of steps that includes people, a process, and possibly some tools. When many operations can run at the same time, they might be sequential or parallel. A workflow in AEM is comparable to a flowchart in that it organizes data.

lays out a series of steps that must be followed by numerous participants to achieve the intended result.

A workflow model is a container or template for the workflow that links the steps logically.

It has a start and an end node by default (along with an optional participant step).
It can contain a wide range of nodes as well as the connections between them. The workflow nodes can take any sort of author input and process it with Java code or ECMA scripts.
The term "workflow payload" refers to a resource that the workflow will use to complete its duties.

13. What exactly is RESTful?

REST (Representational State Transfer) is an architectural style and communication method that is popular in the web development world.

It is commonly used in the development of web services. It employs a stateless and cacheable client-server communication protocol. RESTful apps use HTTP requests to post, read, and delete data. The six architectural limitations of REST are uniform interface, stateless, cacheable, client-server, layered system, and code on demand.

14. What are the benefits of using the OSGi (Open Service Gateway Initiative) framework?

The Open Service Gateway Initiative (OSGi) is a Java framework for developing and distributing modular applications. The following are the primary benefits of using OSGI:

Applications are more adaptable to changing requirements, portable, and engineerable.
The framework provides a standardized version of the Spring Framework's declarative assembly and simplified unit testing as part of the application server. rather than as a third-party library that is installed alongside the application.
The framework is Java EE compatible, so you may deploy a web application as a collection of versioned OSGi bundles with a dynamic lifecycle.
It allows administrators to manage application bundle dependencies and versions, which simplifies and standardizes third-party library integration.
The framework's separation benefits enterprise applications made up of numerous, versioned bundles with dynamic lifecycles.
It includes a built-in bundle repository for storing common and versioned bundles that are shared by several apps, preventing each program from deploying its copy of each common package.
OSGi programs can access external bundle repositories.
The framework emphasizes service-oriented design at the module level.
It makes

Because the components can be added, deleted, updated, started, and stopped at run time, they are simple to manage.
It enhances system speed by avoiding the loading of application components that aren't in use into memory.

15. Describe the OSGI bundle's life cycle.

The OSGi Life-Cycle layer adds bundles that can be dynamically installed, started, paused, updated, and deleted. All components of the life cycle are protected by the security architecture.

The OSGi lifecycle is comprised of the following steps: 

INSTALLED- The bundle has been installed in the OSGi container, but it still has several dependencies to satisfy. The bundle requires packages that have not been exported by any of the currently installed bundles.

RESOLVED- The bundle has been installed, and the OSGi system has connected and resolved all class-level dependencies. Now you may utilize the bundle. If all of the bundle's dependencies are met when it is started, it bypasses this state.

STARTING -This is the state of the bundle when it is being loaded and all dependencies have been resolved. The BundleActivator.start method will be called, but no response has yet been received.

ACTIVE - The bundle is now active. While Spring is working, it is disabled. Before giving the context to the plugin, Spring evaluates the Spring setup and generates it. The plugin requires context to create instances of each plugin module.

STOPPING - When the bundle stops, it is in this state for a short time. Even though the BundleActivator.stop method has been called, it has not returned.
The bundle has been withdrawn from the OSGi container and is now UNINSTALLED.

16. What are client libraries in AEM?

Modern websites make extensive use of client-side processing, which is facilitated by powerful JavaScript and CSS coding. It can be challenging to organize and improve the code's servicing.

To address this issue, AEM supports Client-side Library Folders. Client-side code can be stored in these folders.

Determine when and how each type of code is supplied to the client from the repository and organize it into categories. The client-side library system then provides the necessary links in your final webpage to allow the right code to be loaded. All Javascript, client-side code and CSS resources such as graphics and fonts are managed by the AEM client library. It facilitates resource and code management, as well as debugging, merging, and reduction.

17. How should digital assets be put into a DAM (Digital Asset Management) system?

The graphical user interface or WebDav (Web Distributed Authoring and Versioning) access can be used to add digital content to the DAM. All you have to do if you're using the graphical user interface is browse for the files you desire.

to add, and CQ will create metadata in the DAM folder for each. When you need to upload a large number of assets at once, you'll probably use WebDav, which is a set of extensions to the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) that allow user agents to collaboratively write contents directly in an HTTP web server by providing concurrency control and namespace operations, allowing the Web to be viewed as an editable, collaborative medium rather than a read-only medium.

18. Can you explain what a CQ5 overlay/override component is?

When working with an out-of-the-box component in AEM (each out-of-the-box component is a set of scripts that entirely do a specific activity to accomplish the necessary functionality),

You utilize the overlay/override component if you want to add more functionality to it and change the total instances of that component. You can copy the "text" component from "libs/foundation/components" to "apps/foundation/components" while preserving the same folder structure if you want to add functionality to the out-of-the-box "text" component but don't want to construct a new one. Any changes made to this new component will be replicated in the out-of-the-box "text" component, needing no changes to the old "libs" code. Because changing the source code is rarely a good idea, CQ allows you to use overlays.

19. What are types and how can you use them in AEM?

In the ExtJS language, a type is a metaphorical name for a class. These are the types. In AEM, widgets are used to generate components. AEM includes several widgets that can be used right away. AEM can also be used to create and specify your type. If you want the author to be able to provide/enter text, for example, you'd add a "CQ: Widget" with the type value of "text field" while creating a dialogue for your component.