Artificial Intelligence Interview Questions

Artificial Intelligence Interview Questions

Artificial Intelligence Interview Questions

1. What is Artificial Intelligence (AI) and how does it work?

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science that focuses on creating intelligent computers or computer systems that can mimic human intelligence. Artificial Intelligence-enabled devices can function and behave like humans without the need for human involvement. Artificial Intelligence applications include speech recognition, customer service, recommendation engines, and natural language processing (NLP).

Since its inception, AI research has experimented with and rejected a variety of approaches, including brain mimicking, human problem-solving modeling, formal logic, enormous knowledge libraries, and animal behavior imitation. In the first decades of the twenty-first century, highly mathematical-statistical machine learning dominated the field. The numerous sub-fields of AI study are based on distinct goals and the use of specific approaches. Reasoning, knowledge representation, planning, and learning are all skills that may be learned.

Traditional AI research goals include natural language processing, perception, and the capacity to move and manipulate objects. General intelligence is one of the field's long-term aims (the capacity to solve any problem). To deal with these challenges, AI researchers have adopted and incorporated a variety of problem-solving tools, such as search and mathematical optimization, formal logic, artificial neural networks, and statistics, probability, and economics methodologies. AI also draws on a variety of disciplines, including psychology, linguistics, and philosophy.

 

2. What are some examples of AI applications in the real world?

Face detection and verification are the most popular uses of Artificial Intelligence in social networking. Your social media stream is also designed using artificial intelligence and machine learning. Online buying with a personal touch: Algorithms powered by artificial intelligence are used on shopping platforms. to compile a list of shopping suggestions for users They provide a list of suggestions based on data such as the user's search history and recent orders.

Agriculture: Technologies, particularly Artificial Intelligence integrated systems, assist farmers in protecting their crops against a variety of threats such as weather, weeds, pests, and price fluctuations.

Another example of a real-world application of AI is smart automobiles. When the autopilot mode is turned on, artificial intelligence receives data from a car's radar, camera, and GPS to control the vehicle.

Healthcare: Artificial Intelligence has proven to be a trustworthy ally for doctors. They aid medical practitioners in every manner conceivable, from sophisticated testing to medical suggestions.

 

3. What are the various Artificial Intelligence (AI) development platforms?

Several software systems are available for the advancement of AI

Amazon's artificial intelligence services
Tensorflow
Google's artificial intelligence services
Azure AI platform by Microsoft
Infosys Nia
Watson is an IBM product.
H2O\sPolyaxon\sPredictionIO

 

4. What are the Artificial Intelligence programming languages?

Python, LISP, Java, C++, and R are some of the Artificial Intelligence programming languages.

 

5. What does Artificial Intelligence have in store for the future?

Artificial intelligence has had a significant impact on many people and industries, and it is anticipated to continue to do so in the future. Emerging technologies such as the Internet of Things, big data, and robotics have all been propelled forward by artificial intelligence. In a fraction of a second, AI can harness the power of a tremendous amount of data and make an optimal judgment, which is nearly difficult for a regular human to do. Cancer research, cutting-edge climate change solutions, smart transportation, and space exploration are all areas where AI is leading the way. It has taken a long time.

It is at the forefront of computing innovation and development, and it is unlikely to relinquish its position shortly. Artificial Intelligence will have a greater impact on the globe than anything else in human history.

 

6. What types of Artificial Intelligence are there?

Artificial Intelligence is divided into seven categories. These are the following:
Weak AI, often known as narrow AI, is designed to execute specific tasks. They can't go above and beyond what they're capable of. Weak AI or limited AI is exemplified by Apple's Siri and IBM's Watson. General AI can perform any intellectual work in the same way that humans can. There is currently no system in the world that can be classified as general AI. However, researchers are concentrating their efforts on developing AI gadgets that can do activities similar to those performed by humans. as well as people.

Super AI is the level of Artificial Intelligence at which it surpasses human intelligence and performs tasks more efficiently than humans. Super AI is still a far-fetched idea. Reactive Machines- These machines react as quickly as feasible in a given condition. They don't have any memories or experiences to store. Some examples of reactive machines include IBM's Deep Blue system and Google's Alpha go. These gadgets have limited memory and can only store experiences for a short period. Smart automobiles, for example, keep for a limited period the information of adjacent cars, such as their speed, speed limit, and route information.

The machine hypothesis vs. the theory of mind Artificial intelligence (AI) is a theoretical idea. They might be able to help. to have a better understanding of human emotions, values, and society, and possibly be able to engage with humans Self-awareness, self-awareness, self-awareness, self-awareness, self-awareness The future of AI is AI. These machines are expected to be super-intelligent, with their mind, emotions, and sense of self-awareness.

 

7. What is the term "overfitting"?

When a data point does not fit against its training model, it is referred to as overfitting in data science. When feeding data into the rainy model, there's a chance it'll run into some noise that doesn't fit into the statistical model. This occurs when the algorithm is unable to perform accurately in the presence of unknown data.

 

8. What is the relationship between artificial intelligence and machine learning?

Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning are two widely used terms that are sometimes misinterpreted. Artificial intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science that allows machines to emulate human intelligence and behavior. Machine Learning, on the other hand, is a subset of Artificial Intelligence that entails feeding computers with data so that they can learn from all of the patterns and models on their own. Artificial Intelligence is typically implemented using Machine Learning models.

Building a computer program that implements a set of domain expert-developed rules, for example, is one technique to approach AI. Machine Learning is part of Artificial Intelligence (AI) (ML). The study of inventing and applying algorithms for machine learning (ML) is known as machine learning.

can apply what they've learned in the past. If you've observed a pattern of behavior before, you can predict whether or not it'll happen again.

For example, if you want to create a program that can recognize an animal simply by looking at it, you'll need to utilize a machine-learning algorithm that can predict the animal in the image based on millions of photographs in the database. The algorithm examines all of the photographs and assigns a classification to each one based on its characteristics (color of pixels, for instance).

 

9. What is Deep Learning, and how does it work?

Deep learning is a kind of machine learning that use artificial neural networks to solve difficult problems. The artificial neural network (ANN) is a concept influenced by data processing and machine learning. Neurons are dispersed communication nodes found in human brains. It offers deep learning the ability to examine an issue and solve it in the same way that a human brain would in that situation. In deep learning, the term 'deep' refers to the number of hidden layers in the neural network. Deep learning models are constructed in such a way that they can train and manage themselves.

The deep neural network in the diagram above receives data via an input layer. A hidden layer separates the algorithm's input and output, with the function applying weights to the inputs and guiding them through an activation function as the output. A Deep neural network's activation functions can differ. A Sigmoid Function, for example, can

Take any input and generate a number between 0 and 1 as a result. The network's final layer, the output layer, takes the information acquired from the hidden layer and converts it to a final value.

In a nutshell, the hidden layers make nonlinear modifications to the inputs of the network. The hidden layers are determined by the neural network's purpose, and the layers themselves might vary depending on their associated weights.

 

10. What are the various kinds of machine learning? 

Supervised Learning: The simplest sort of machine learning is supervised learning. It's used to feed labeled data to the machine to train it. A collection of samples that have been labeled with one or more labels is referred to as labeled data (information tags).

The machine is fed the labeled data one by one until it recognizes the data on its own. It's the equivalent of a teacher attempting to teach a child all of the different labeled cards in a deck of cards one by one. In supervised learning, the data is the instructor. Unsupervised Learning: It's noteworthy to note that unsupervised learning is the polar opposite of supervised learning. It's for data that doesn't have any labels or information tags. The algorithm is fed a large amount of data. tools for deciphering data attributes The data will be organized by the machine into clusters, classes, or groups that make sense. This learning model excels at taking a large amount of random data as an input and making sense of it.

The reinforcement learning model is derived from the above-mentioned learning models. It's a type of model that learns from its errors. When we put a reinforcement learning model in any situation, it makes a lot of errors. To promote positive learning and make our model efficient, we offer a positive feedback signal when the model performs well and a negative feedback signal when it makes errors.

 

11. What are some of the common misunderstandings concerning AI? 

The following are some common misunderstandings about artificial intelligence:

The truth is far from the statement that machines learn from themselves. Machines have not yet reached the point where they can make their own decisions. Machine learning is a technique that allows computers to learn and improve based on their experiences rather than having to be explicitly programmed. The construction of computer programs that can access data and learn on their own is what machine learning is all about.

Artificial Intelligence is the same as Machine Learning; yet, Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning are not the same things. Artificial intelligence is concerned with developing technologies that can mimic human intelligence, whereas machine learning is a subset of AI that is concerned with developing programs that can learn on their own. Data should be analyzed and learned from, and then decisions should be made.

Artificial Intelligence will supplant humans- There is a chance that AI's skills could soon rival or perhaps surpass human intelligence. However, it is a work of fiction to claim that AI will take over humans. Human intelligence is designed to be complemented, not enslaved, by AI. 

 

12. What is Q-learning, and how does it work?

Q Learning is a model-free learning policy that determines the optimum course of action in a given environment based on the agent's location (an agent is an entity that makes a decision and enables AI to be put into action). The nature and predictions of the environment are used to learn and move forward in a model-free learning policy. It does not encourage a system to learn; instead, it employs the trial-and-error method.

The purpose of the model is to determine the best course of action in the given situation. It may invent its own set of rules or act outside of the policy that has been established for it to follow to do this. This indicates that there isn't one. It's considered off-policy since there's no practical need for a policy. In Q-learning, the agent's experience is kept in the Q table, and the value in the table represents the long-term reward value of performing a specific action in a given scenario. According to the Q table, the Q learning algorithm may tell the Q agent what action to take in a given situation to maximize the projected reward.

 

12. Which assessment is utilized to determine a machine's intelligence? Please explain.

The Turing test is a method of determining whether or not a machine can think like a human. Alan Turing invented the computer in 1950.

The Turing Test is similar to a three-player interrogation game. There is a human interrogator on the scene. He must question two other participants, one a machine and the other a person. By asking questions, the interrogator must determine which of the two is a computer. The computer must do all possible to avoid being mistaken for a human. If the machine is difficult to differentiate from a human, it will be termed intelligent.

Consider the case below: Player

A is a computer, B is a human, and C is the interrogator. The interrogator recognizes that one of them is a robot, but he must determine which one. Because all players communicate via keyboard and screen, the machine's ability to convert words into speech has no bearing on the outcome. The exam outcome is determined by how closely the responses resemble those of a human, not by the number of correct answers. The computer has complete freedom to force the interrogator to make a false identification.

This is how a question-and-answer session might go: Are you a computer, interrogator?

No, Player A (computer).

Multiply two enormous integers, such as (256896489*456725896), with the interrogator.

Player A- After a long period,

After a little pause, he provides the incorrect response.

In this game, if an interrogator cannot detect the difference between a machine and a human, the computer passes the test and is considered intelligent and capable of thinking like a human. This game is commonly referred to as an 'imitation game.'

 

13. What is AI's Computer Vision?

In the discipline of AI, computer vision allows computers to extract meaningful interpretations from images or other visual stimuli and take action based on that information. The ability to think is provided by AI, and the ability to observe is provided by computer vision. Human vision and computer vision are quite similar.

The core of today's computer vision algorithms is pattern recognition. We use a lot of visual data to train computers—images are processed, things are identified, and patterns are discovered in those items. For example, if we give the computer a million images of flowers, it will analyze them, uncover patterns that are common to all flowers, and create a model "flower" at the end of the process. the final stage of the procedure As a result, the computer will be able to tell whether a certain image is a flower every time we send it a photo. Many aspects of our life are affected by computer vision.
Computer vision is used in Apple Photos, Facial Recognition systems, self-driving cars, augmented reality, and other applications. 

 

14. What are Bayesian networks, and how do they work?

A Bayesian network is an acyclic graph that represents a probabilistic graphical model based on a collection of variables and their dependencies. Bayesian networks are built on probability distributions and use probability theory to predict events and discover abnormalities. Prediction, detection of abnormalities, reasoning, acquiring insights, diagnostics, and decision-making are all tasks that Bayesian networks are employed for. For instance, a Bayesian network might be used to show the likelihood of relationships between diseases and symptoms. The network could be used to predict the presence of specific diseases based on symptoms.

 

15. What is Reinforcement Learning and how does it function?

Reinforcement learning is a branch of machine learning that focuses on reward-based prediction models. s well as decision-making It uses a feedback-based system to reward a machine for making smart decisions. When a machine does not perform well, it receives negative feedback. This encourages the system to identify the most appropriate response to a given situation. In Reinforcement Learning, unlike supervised learning, the agent learns independently using feedback and no tagged data. Because there is no labeled data, the agent is forced to learn solely from their own experience. RL is used to solve problems that need sequential decision-making and are long-term in nature, such as game-playing, robotics, and so on. On its own, the agent interacts with and explores the world. The basic purpose of an agent in reinforcement learning is to learn as much as possible.

Obtain the most positive rewards to boost performance. The agent learns via trial and error and increases its ability to execute the task as a result of its experience.

The best way to understand reinforcement learning is to use the example of a dog. When a dog's owner wants to instill good behavior in his dog, he will use a treat to train him to do so. If the dog obeys his owner, he will be rewarded with a goodie. If he disobeys the owner, the owner will utilize negative reinforcement by withholding his dog's favorite treat. The dog will associate the habit with the treat in this manner. This is how reinforcement learning functions.

 

16. In Artificial Intelligence, how many different sorts of agents are there?

Simple Reflex Agents: Simple reflex agents act just on the current circumstance, disregarding the environment's past and interactions with it.

Model-Based Reflex Agents: These models see the environment through the lenses of specified models. This model also keeps track of internal conditions, which can be modified in response to environmental changes. Goal-Based Agents: These agents react to the goals that have been set for them. Their ultimate goal is to achieve it. If a multiple-choice option is presented to the agent, it will choose the option that will get it closer to the goal.

Agents with a Utility: Reaching the desired outcome isn't always enough. You must take action.

the safest, simplest, and cheapest route to the destination Utility-based agents chose actions depending on the choices' utilities (preferences set).

Agents that can learn from their experiences are known as learning agents.

 

17. Describe Markov's decision-making process.

A mathematical method of reinforcement learning is Markov's decision process (MDP). The Markov decision process (MDP) is a mathematical framework for solving issues with partially random and partially controlled outcomes. The following essential things are required to solve a complex problem using Markov's decision process: 

Agent- The agent is a fictional being that we will train. An agent, for example, is a robot that will be trained to assist with cooking.

The agent's surroundings are referred to as the environment. The kitchen is a wonderful place to be. In the case of the aforementioned robot, the environment. The agent's current circumstance is referred to as the state (S). So, in the instance of the robot, the position of the robot, its temperature, its posture, and other factors all contribute to the robot's condition.

The robot can go left or right, or it can transfer onion to the chef, to name a few of the actions the agent (robot) can perform.

The policy () is the justification for performing a specific action.

Reward (R) - The agent receives a reward for performing a desirable action.

The value (V) is the potential future reward that the agent could obtain.

The workings of Markov's model can be deduced from the following.

 

18. What exactly do you mean when you say "reward maximization"?

Reinforcement learning employs the technique of reward maximization. Reinforcement learning is a subset of AI algorithms that consists of three major components: a learning environment, agents, and rewards. By completing activities, the agent changes its own and the environment's state. The agent is rewarded or penalized based on how much their actions affect the agent's ability to achieve the goal. Many reinforcement learning problems start with the agent having no past knowledge of the environment and doing random actions. Based on the feedback it receives, the agent learns to optimize its actions and adopt policies that maximize its reward.

The goal is to use optimal policies to maximize the agent's reward and activity. This is it.

Known as "reward maximization." Any ability that the agent's environment frequently requests must eventually be implemented in the agent's behavior if it is to increase its cumulative reward. While optimizing its reward, a successful reinforcement learning agent could eventually learn perception, language, social intelligence, and other talents.

 

19. Describe the Hidden Markov Model in detail.

The Hidden Markov model is a probabilistic model that can be used to determine the probability of any given occurrence. An observed event is said to be linked to a set of probability distributions. The fundamental purpose of HMM is to find the hidden layers of the Markov's chain when a system is described as a Markov's chain. The term "hidden" refers to a state that is not visible to the naked eye. the onlooker is commonly used to represent temporal data. HMM is used in reinforcement learning, temporal pattern recognition, and other areas.

 

20. What do you mean when you say "hyperparameters"?

The parameters that regulate the entire training process are known as hyperparameters. These variables can be changed and have a significant impact on how well a model trains. They are announced ahead of time. Model hyperparameters, which refer to the model selection task and cannot be inferred while fitting the machine to the training set, and algorithm hyperparameters, which have no effect on the model's performance but affect the speed and quality of the learning process, are two types of hyperparameters.

The training procedure relies heavily on the selection of appropriate hyperparameters. Hyperparameters include activation function, alpha learning rate, hidden layers, number of epochs, number of branches in a decision tree, and so on.

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AEM Interview Questions

AEM Interview Questions

AEM Interview Questions

1. What makes AEM better than other Content Management Systems (CMS)? What degree of control does AEM give you?

AEM's main advantage is its ability to create bespoke digital experiences that are tailored to each user. AEM provides best-in-class capabilities including content workflows, digital asset management, social, and multi-channel collaboration to help customers manage digital content efficiently. In addition to conventional website management, AEM is an excellent solution for managing mobile applications, mobile websites, eCommerce, and marketing campaigns. When paired with other Adobe Marketing Cloud technologies, AEM paves the way for digital marketing.

AEM allows you to generate endless customized variations of your website, including the format, distribution method, styles, and more, without having to work on multiple sets of assets.

AEM makes it simple to connect your creative and marketing operations by connecting with Adobe Creative Cloud to produce and modify assets. AEM helps your team to design, produce, and manage interactive and responsive digital experiences with simple content authoring. Images, videos, content, and other content components can all be managed using a simple interface. Data from Adobe Analytics can help you build more personalized and targeted experiences. Examine your consumers' habits and make the necessary website modifications to increase engagement and revenue.

 

2. Describe the distinction between CQ5.4 and CQ5.5.

Before version 5.5, CQ was based atop a servlet container (CQSE by default, but other servlet containers may be used) that hosted two web applications: one for the CRX content repository and one for the CQ content repository.

Sling and AEM were enclosed in an OSGi container. The Sling web app, which was connected to the root, handled the majority of the request processing. Here are some things to keep in mind for CQ5.5:

The OSGi container is at the heart of CQ 5.5 and AEM, with Sling's OSGi HTTP service serving as the only request-handling endpoint.

The CRX content repository is now just another OSGi service, like the others that make up the rest of the AEM functionality. AEM and Sling-based apps are unaffected by these changes.

AEM's quickstart jar installation can no longer support the use of other web applications with AEM due to the changed design.

On the other hand, the AEM for war version

on the other hand, is intended to be installed alongside other web applications on an application server.

Three new connections for Adobe products have been added: Creative Suite, Scene7, and Search & Promote.

The authors will have immediate access to mobile applications.

Hybrid software was used to provide excellent eCommerce capability.

The functions Undo(Ctrl+Z) and Redo(Ctrl+y) have been added.

 

3. What does AEM Testing entail?

AEM provides the Bobcat testing framework for automated tests of your AEM UI. This framework allows you to write and run UI tests directly in a web browser using a Javascript API. Hobbes.js, a Javascript-based testing suite, is also used. The Hobbes.js framework was established as part of the AEM testing process and is now open source.

accessible for public use to test AEM apps It's an open-source test automation framework for functional testing of web applications.

 

4. How does AEM Explorer work?

Application Explorer Missions (AEM Explorer) is an acronym for Application Explorer Missions, which was created for readers with limited vision, physical constraints, learning and attentional impairments who might benefit from enlarged, spoken, highlighted, or re-formatted text. It doesn't mention Braille, and the Explorer assumes that the guide using the program is blind.

 

5. What is a component in AEM?

Components are reusable modules in AEM that execute specific application logic to generate content for our website. AEM components are used to hold, format, and render the content on your web pages. Authors can edit and configure content while developing pages using the components. A component will usually include a JSP (Java Server Pages) or HTML file. HTML files provide both HTML markup and business logic for the component. A typical AEM page contains many different elements. Components are the core building pieces of AEM pages, to put it another way. 

 

6. What is a template in AEM?

A Template assists you in creating a consistent look for your application's pages. It also determines which components (reusable modules) can be utilized inside the selected scope. It's a node tree with the same structure as the page you'll be creating. There is no genuine stuff on it. AEM provides both static and editable templates. AEM makes use of templates in various places:

When creating a new page, you should start by selecting a template that will act as the page's basis. The template determines the final page's structure, as well as any initial content and potential components (design properties).
When creating a document, you would also select a template.

Fragment of content This template defines the structure, fundamental elements, and variants.

 

7. What are AEM Connectors, exactly?

Similar to our search engine independent connectors, the AEM Connector works with a wide range of search systems, from open-source like Elasticsearch and Solr to commercial solutions like Azure Search, SharePoint Search, Endeca, and others. The AEM connector allows organizations to scan and publish their websites and digital assets to their existing search engines from within an AEM server. This allows all search tasks to be handled within the search engine, reducing the load on the AEM server and providing a wide range of search capabilities, from simple to advanced.

It has tools and procedures in place to limit the number of requests submitted in a given period.

allows the connector to send a large number of queries to the AEM server without negatively impacting its performance or availability It lets just specific persons and groups read materials that are intended for them.

 

8. What is a content repository's definition? What is JCR (Java Content Repository) exactly?

A content repository is essentially a digital content storage site. The structure of a content repository is frequently hierarchical and represented as a tree structure, with each node of the tree functioning as a content store site.

Java Content Repository is a Java community definition for consistently accessing content repositories (platform-independent and vendor-independent way). The first version of the specification, JSR-170 (JCR 1.0), was released first, followed by version 2. (JCR-283). The java JCR API allows you to access

Multiple classes and interfaces connect to a content repository.

 

9. What is the technology stack that CQ5 is built on?

The CQ5 technical stack is made up of three technologies. The technologies in question are Apache Sling, OSGi (Apache Felix), and the Java Content Repository (JCR). Apache Sling is an HTTP-based RESTful framework for interacting with a JCR. The JCR node will subsequently be mapped to the request URL. OSGi is a Java framework that allows modular applications to be built. Each module, referred to as a bundle, can be stopped and started individually during runtime. The Java Content Repository uses the JSR-170 API to access the content repository via Java, regardless of the physical implementation. CQ5 makes use of the CRX protocol.

 

10. What is unusual in AEM?

Sightly was added as an HTML templating language in AEM 6.0. It is the primary HTML templating solution and is meant to replace JSP files. The purpose of "sightly" is to make your markup look neat. Sightly has the following advantages:

Because there are no dependencies, it is light and speedy.
Contextual XSS (Cross-site scripting) protection and URL externalization are both automated.
Powerful — A straightforward logic API that lets you do almost anything.
Intuitive - A feature set that is simple, straightforward, and restricted.

 

11. Why is a Content Management System (CMS) required?

CMS stands for the content management system.

File and Web site creation and management software. The content of many websites and online applications must be updated frequently since they are dynamic. To efficiently handle these changes, it is recommended that you employ a content management system. One of the many CMS providers available is Adobe Content Management System.

 

12. What is the difference between a workflow and a workflow model in AEM?

Users can utilize AEM's workflow capability to automate processes in their CMS (Content Management System) instance. A workflow is a well-defined set of steps that includes people, a process, and possibly some tools. When many operations can run at the same time, they might be sequential or parallel. A workflow in AEM is comparable to a flowchart in that it organizes data.

lays out a series of steps that must be followed by numerous participants to achieve the intended result.

A workflow model is a container or template for the workflow that links the steps logically.

It has a start and an end node by default (along with an optional participant step).
It can contain a wide range of nodes as well as the connections between them. The workflow nodes can take any sort of author input and process it with Java code or ECMA scripts.
The term "workflow payload" refers to a resource that the workflow will use to complete its duties.

 

13. What exactly is RESTful?

REST (Representational State Transfer) is an architectural style and communication method that is popular in the web development world.

It is commonly used in the development of web services. It employs a stateless and cacheable client-server communication protocol. RESTful apps use HTTP requests to post, read, and delete data. The six architectural limitations of REST are uniform interface, stateless, cacheable, client-server, layered system, and code on demand.

 

14. What are the benefits of using the OSGi (Open Service Gateway Initiative) framework?

The Open Service Gateway Initiative (OSGi) is a Java framework for developing and distributing modular applications. The following are the primary benefits of using OSGI:

Applications are more adaptable to changing requirements, portable, and engineerable.
The framework provides a standardized version of the Spring Framework's declarative assembly and simplified unit testing as part of the application server. rather than as a third-party library that is installed alongside the application.
The framework is Java EE compatible, so you may deploy a web application as a collection of versioned OSGi bundles with a dynamic lifecycle.
It allows administrators to manage application bundle dependencies and versions, which simplifies and standardizes third-party library integration.
The framework's separation benefits enterprise applications made up of numerous, versioned bundles with dynamic lifecycles.
It includes a built-in bundle repository for storing common and versioned bundles that are shared by several apps, preventing each program from deploying its copy of each common package.
OSGi programs can access external bundle repositories.
The framework emphasizes service-oriented design at the module level.
It makes

Because the components can be added, deleted, updated, started, and stopped at run time, they are simple to manage.
It enhances system speed by avoiding the loading of application components that aren't in use into memory.

15. Describe the OSGI bundle's life cycle.

The OSGi Life-Cycle layer adds bundles that can be dynamically installed, started, paused, updated, and deleted. All components of the life cycle are protected by the security architecture.

The OSGi lifecycle is comprised of the following steps: 

INSTALLED- The bundle has been installed in the OSGi container, but it still has several dependencies to satisfy. The bundle requires packages that have not been exported by any of the currently installed bundles.

RESOLVED- The bundle has been installed, and the OSGi system has connected and resolved all class-level dependencies. Now you may utilize the bundle. If all of the bundle's dependencies are met when it is started, it bypasses this state.

STARTING -This is the state of the bundle when it is being loaded and all dependencies have been resolved. The BundleActivator.start method will be called, but no response has yet been received.

ACTIVE - The bundle is now active. While Spring is working, it is disabled. Before giving the context to the plugin, Spring evaluates the Spring setup and generates it. The plugin requires context to create instances of each plugin module.

STOPPING - When the bundle stops, it is in this state for a short time. Even though the BundleActivator.stop method has been called, it has not returned.
The bundle has been withdrawn from the OSGi container and is now UNINSTALLED.

 

16. What are client libraries in AEM?

Modern websites make extensive use of client-side processing, which is facilitated by powerful JavaScript and CSS coding. It can be challenging to organize and improve the code's servicing.

To address this issue, AEM supports Client-side Library Folders. Client-side code can be stored in these folders.

Determine when and how each type of code is supplied to the client from the repository and organize it into categories. The client-side library system then provides the necessary links in your final webpage to allow the right code to be loaded. All Javascript, client-side code and CSS resources such as graphics and fonts are managed by the AEM client library. It facilitates resource and code management, as well as debugging, merging, and reduction.

 

17. How should digital assets be put into a DAM (Digital Asset Management) system?

The graphical user interface or WebDav (Web Distributed Authoring and Versioning) access can be used to add digital content to the DAM. All you have to do if you're using the graphical user interface is browse for the files you desire.

to add, and CQ will create metadata in the DAM folder for each. When you need to upload a large number of assets at once, you'll probably use WebDav, which is a set of extensions to the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) that allow user agents to collaboratively write contents directly in an HTTP web server by providing concurrency control and namespace operations, allowing the Web to be viewed as an editable, collaborative medium rather than a read-only medium.

 

18. Can you explain what a CQ5 overlay/override component is?

When working with an out-of-the-box component in AEM (each out-of-the-box component is a set of scripts that entirely do a specific activity to accomplish the necessary functionality),

You utilize the overlay/override component if you want to add more functionality to it and change the total instances of that component. You can copy the "text" component from "libs/foundation/components" to "apps/foundation/components" while preserving the same folder structure if you want to add functionality to the out-of-the-box "text" component but don't want to construct a new one. Any changes made to this new component will be replicated in the out-of-the-box "text" component, needing no changes to the old "libs" code. Because changing the source code is rarely a good idea, CQ allows you to use overlays.

 

19. What are types and how can you use them in AEM?

In the ExtJS language, a type is a metaphorical name for a class. These are the types. In AEM, widgets are used to generate components. AEM includes several widgets that can be used right away. AEM can also be used to create and specify your type. If you want the author to be able to provide/enter text, for example, you'd add a "CQ: Widget" with the type value of "text field" while creating a dialogue for your component. 

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IOT Interview Question and Answers

IOT Interview Question and Answers

IOT Interview Question and Answers

1. What is IoT? (Internet of Things)

Kevin Ashton created the phrase IoT (Internet of Things) in 1999. It is a worldwide network of interconnected physical objects (also known as "things") capable of collecting and exchanging data without the need for human interaction. These devices have embedded systems (software, electronics, networks, and sensors) that can collect data about the environment, send data across a network, respond to remote orders, and conduct actions based on the information gathered. Wearables, implants, vehicles, machinery, smartphones, appliances, computing systems, and any other item that can send and receive data are all examples of IoT devices or things available today.

Big data networks, cloud-based storage and computing, and Cyber-Physical Systems can all be integrated. the Internet of Things is largely concerned with extending internet connectivity from traditional devices (such as computers, mobile phones, and tablets) to relatively simple items such as toasters. It converts old "dumb" gadgets into "smart" devices by allowing them to send data over the internet, allowing them to communicate with people and other IoT-enabled devices. 

2. What are the various components of the Internet of Things?

The following are the four major components of IoT devices:

Sensors: A sensor or device is an essential component for collecting real-time data from the environment. This data can be of various types. This could be as simple as a temperature sensor, GPS, or accelerometer on your phone, or as complex as a social media platform's live video capability. Sensors allow IoT devices to communicate with the outside world and environment.

All data is transmitted to a cloud infrastructure once it is collected. This might be accomplished by connecting the sensors to the cloud through a variety of communication channels, including mobile or satellite networks, Bluetooth, WI-FI, WAN, and so on. Various IoT devices

Different types of connectivity are used by different devices.

Data Processing: Once the data has been collected and transferred to the cloud, the data processors are responsible for processing it. From regulating the temperature of the air conditioner to identifying faces on mobile phones, data processing software may improve IoT devices in a variety of ways.

User Interface: A User Interface is how an IoT device communicates with a user. A user interface is the visible and tactile part of an IoT system that users can interact with. It entails presenting data in a way that is beneficial to the end user. Users will be more likely to interact with a well-designed user interface because it will make their experience easier. The information must be made available to everyone. end-users in some way, for as giving them notifications via email or text message.

3. What are the benefits of the Internet of Things?

An Internet of Things (IoT) system is a sophisticated automation and analytics system that combines networking, big data, sensors, and artificial intelligence to deliver a comprehensive solution. It has the following advantages:
Improved client engagement: By automating tasks, IoT enables a better customer experience. Sensors in a car, for example, will detect any problem automatically. Both the driver and the manufacturer will be alerted.
Technology has been upgraded and made more efficient thanks to the Internet of Things. It has made even ancient "dumb" gadgets "smart" by allowing them to send data via the internet, allowing them to communicate with people and other IoT-enabled equipment. Coffee machines, smart toys, smart microwaves, and other smart devices are examples.

Accessibility: The Internet of Things has made it possible to obtain real-time data from practically everywhere. All you need is an internet-connected smart device.

Better Insights: We currently make judgments based on superficial data, but IoT gives real-time data that leads to more efficient resource management.
New business prospects: You may find new business insights and generate new possibilities while lowering operational expenses by collecting and analyzing data from the network.

Time management that works: Overall, the Internet of Things can help you save a significant amount of time. We may read the latest news on our phones, peruse a blog about our favorite activity, or shop online while commuting to work.
Strengthened security

measures: Access control solutions that use IoT can give additional security. to businesses and individuals For example, IoT technology in surveillance can help a business improve security standards and spot any questionable activities.

4. What are some of the IoT's problems or risks?

Some of the security threats linked with IoT include:

IoT devices that are connected are vulnerable to hackers. Many IoT devices capture and send personal data over an open network that hackers can easily access. Cloud endpoints can potentially be used by hackers to target servers.

In a fast-paced market like the Internet of Things, many companies and manufacturers rush to release their products and software without thoroughly testing them. Many of them also fail to deliver timely updates. IoT gadgets, unlike other devices such as smartphones, are not updated, making them vulnerable to data theft. As a result, IoT devices should be rigorously examined and updated as soon as new vulnerabilities are discovered. To preserve security, they must be identified.

People are unaware of the Internet of Things, despite it being a rapidly emerging technology. The user's lack of information and awareness of the capabilities of IoT is a serious security hazard. This is dangerous for all users.

Network Connectivity: Many IoT devices struggle with network connectivity. Especially if the devices are widely scattered, in remote places, or if bandwidth is scarce.

Because of the extremely scattered nature of IoT devices, ensuring the stability of IoT systems can be problematic. Natural disasters, disruptions in cloud services, power outages, and system failures can all influence the components that make up an IoT system.

5. What are the different types of sensors in the Internet of Things?

Internet-of-Thing sensors have gained popularity in recent years as a means of increasing production, cutting costs, and boosting worker safety. Sensors are devices that detect and respond to changes in the environment's conditions. They detect specific types of circumstances in the physical world (such as light, heat, sound, distance, pressure, presence or absence of gas/liquid, and so on) and generate a signal (typically an electrical signal) to indicate their magnitude. The following sensors are frequently used in IoT systems:

Sensors for temperature
Sensor of pressure
Sensors that detect movement
Gas detector
Sensor of proximity
Infrared sensors
Sensor for smoke, etc.

6. What are the layers of the Internet of Things protocol stack? Create an IoT protocol classification.

Protocols for the Internet of Things (IoT) protect data and ensure that it is safely shared between devices via the Internet. IoT protocols specify how data is sent over the internet. They maintain the security of data shared between linked IoT devices by doing so.

7. What are the various IoT communication models?

The Internet of Things is about linking things to the Internet in general, although how they connect isn't always clear. IoT devices use technical communication models to connect and communicate. A successful communication model explains how the process works and how to communicate effectively. The Internet of Things (IoT) makes it possible for

People and objects (devices) must be able to connect from anywhere, using any network or service.

Communication model types -

The client (IoT Device) makes requests, and the server responds to those requests in this communication architecture. The server selects what response to offer after receiving a request, then retrieves the requested data, prepares the response, and sends it back to the client. Because the data between requests is not stored, this approach is stateless, and each request is handled individually.

Publisher-Subscriber Model: This communication model includes publishers, brokers, and consumers. Publishers are data sources that transmit information to topics. Consumers (who consume data from subjects) subscribe to topics, which are managed by the broker.

Publishers and customers are completely oblivious of one another. When the broker receives data on a topic from the publisher, it distributes it to all subscribers. As a result, brokers are in charge of obtaining data from publishers and forwarding it to the correct consumers.

Push-Draw Communication Paradigm: In this communication model, data producers push data into queues, while data consumers pull data from the queues. Neither the manufacturer nor the consumer needs to be aware of one another. The queues aid in the decoupling of signals between consumers and producers. Queues also serve as a buffer when the rate at which producers push data differs from the rate at which consumers pull it.

Exclusive-Pair Model: Exclusive pairs are bidirectional, full-duplex communication models established for Client-server relationships that are continual or continuous. Clients and servers can exchange messages after establishing a connection. The connection remains open as long as the client does not send a request to disconnect it. Every open connection is visible to the server.

8. Create some of the most popular IoT apps.

The following are some of the most prevalent IoT applications in the real world:

Smart Houses: One of the most practical IoT applications is smart homes. Though IoT is used at various levels in smart homes, the greatest one combines intelligent systems with entertainment. Example: Set-top box with remote recording capability, automatic lighting system, smart lock, and so on.
Connected Health: Real-time monitoring and patient care are possible with connected health systems. Patient data helps doctors make better judgments. In addition, the Internet of Things improves the power, precision, and availability of present devices.
Wearables: One of the first sectors to use IoT at scale was the wearables industry. Today, a variety of wearable gadgets are available, including Fitbits, heart rate monitors, and smartwatches are all popular options.
Connected Automobiles: Connected cars employ onboard sensors and internet connectivity to improve their operation, maintenance, and passenger comfort. Tesla, BMW, Apple, and Google are among the main automakers working on the next revolution in the automobile business.

Hospitality: Using IoT in the hotel industry results in a higher level of service quality. Using electronic keys supplied directly to guests' mobile devices, several interactions can be automated. As a result of IoT technology, integrated applications can track visitors' positions, give offers or information about fun activities, place room service or room order orders, and automatically charge the room account.

Farming: A wide range of implements are used. Drip irrigation, crop patterns, water distribution, drones for farm surveillance, and other issues were addressed. These solutions will allow farmers to enhance yields while also addressing problems.

9. Describe the Internet of Things.

IoT devices are powered by artificial intelligence. Sensors, a cloud component, data processing software, and cutting-edge user interfaces are all part of the Internet of Things.

Sensors and gadgets are connected to the cloud via some sort of connectivity in IoT systems. A Raspberry Pi with a quadcore processor can be utilized as an IoT device's "Internet gateway." It's a card-sized computer with GIPO (general purpose input/output) pins for controlling outputs and sensors for collecting data about real-world circumstances. A sensor collects real-time data from the environment and sends it to the cloud infrastructure. The software may evaluate the data once it reaches the cloud and decides what action to take, such as forwarding it. 

10. What does BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) stand for?

BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) is a sort of Bluetooth that requires less power and energy, according to beginners. BLE, or Bluetooth Smart, is a relatively new kind of Bluetooth technology that uses significantly less power and expenses while providing a comparable range of communication. BLE is not a substitute for Classic Bluetooth, as seen in the diagram, and they both serve a specific market. The Bluetooth Low Energy technology was created to help with the Internet of Things. In general, the Internet of Things is connecting objects, usually over a wireless connection such as Bluetooth low energy, so that they may communicate and share data. It has BLE has become a favored and optimal alternative for IoT because of its excellent energy economy. Bluetooth LE is increasingly being used by IoT enthusiasts and application developers to link smart devices.

11. What is the purpose of a thermocouple sensor?

A thermocouple is a temperature sensor that uses two metal parts to monitor the temperature. The temperature is taken at the intersection of these two metal pieces, which are linked at one end. The metal conductors provide a modest voltage that can be used to calculate the temperature. A thermocouple is a basic, reliable, and inexpensive temperature sensor that comes in a variety of shapes and sizes. They also have a wide temperature range, making them useful for a wide range of applications, including scientific research, industrial settings, and home appliances.

12. Define the phrase "smart city" in the context of IoT.

Since its beginnings, IoT technology has been a driving factor behind the development of smart cities. The Internet of Things (IoT) will As more countries adopt next-generation connectivity, the influence on our lives will expand. Smart cities use IoT devices like connected sensors, lights, and meters to collect and analyze data. Cities use this information to improve infrastructure, utilities, and other civic services as a result. 

The Internet of Things can be used to develop intelligent energy grids, automated waste management systems, smart homes, enhanced security systems, traffic control mechanisms, water conservation mechanisms, smart lighting, and more. IoT has given public utilities and urban planning a new layer of artificial intelligence and creativity, allowing them to be more intuitive. Smart houses and cities have resulted from these advancements.

13. What does PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) mean?

Have difficulties controlling the brightness of your project's LEDs? Changing the power supply voltage directly in the circuit is difficult. In that case, you can use Pulse Width Modulation (PWM).

Pulse Width Modulation (PWM), also referred to as PDM (Pulse Duration Modulation) refers to modulating the quantity of power given to a device PWM is an efficient way to manage the amount of energy given to a load without wasting any energy. It is a technique for creating an analog signal from a digital source. PWM is a voltage regulator that is used to adjust brightness in Smart Lighting Systems as well as motor speed. 

14. Describe Shodan.

Shodan (Sentient Hyper-Optimized Data Access Network) is a search engine comparable to Google that searches for maps and information about internet-connected devices and systems rather than websites. Shodan is also known as an Internet of Things search engine. Shodan, to put it simply, is an Internet-connected device identification tool. It maintains track of all machines having a direct connection to the Internet.

Shodan is a technology used by cybersecurity specialists to defend individuals, businesses, and even public utilities against cyber-attacks. Shodan allows you to search for any internet-connected device and determine whether it is publicly accessible.

15. What do you mean by Internet of Things, Contiki?

Contiki is an operating system designed for Internet of Things (IoT) devices with limited memory, power, and bandwidth. and computing power Despite its simplicity, it has many of the features that current operating systems have. It can help manage programs, processes, resources, memory, and communication. It has been a go-to operating system for many academics, researchers, and professionals due to its lightweight (by modern standards), mature, and adaptable character.

16. Identify some of the best databases for IoT.

The databases listed below are suitable for IoT:

InfluxDB
Apache Cassandra
RethinkDB
MongoDB\sSqlite\s

17. Explanation about sharding

Sharding is the process of breaking down very large databases into smaller, quicker, and easier-to-manage data shards. A shard is a small slice of data from a larger data source. Sharding is the process of splitting a logical dataset into numerous databases to store it more effectively. Sharding is required when a dataset is too large to fit into a single database.

18. What exactly do you mean when you say replication?

Data is synced between two or more servers in replication. This is a technique for storing the same data on several devices. a single website or server This feature allows data to be accessed without interruption even when the server is down or there is a lot of traffic. Users have consistent access to data without interfering with or slowing down other users' access.

Data replication is much more than a backup. A publisher is a server that generates the data, and a subscriber is a server where it is duplicated. The publisher synchronizes its transaction with the subscriber and updates subscriber data automatically using data replication. A change made by the publisher is automatically reflected in the subscriber's account.

19. Explain the distinction between IoT and M2M.

Internet of Things (IoT): It's a network made up of interconnected physical items that can collect and exchange data. These devices have embedded systems (software, electronics, networks, and sensors) that can collect data about the environment, communicate data across a network, respond to remote orders, and conduct actions based on the information gathered. M2M (Machine to Machine) technology includes the Internet of Things (IoT). M2M is when two machines communicate without the need for human involvement.

M2M (Machine to Machine): In M2M, devices communicate directly with one another over wired or wireless channels without the need for human intervention. It allows devices to communicate and exchange information. without using the internet to communicate with one another M2M communications can be used for a variety of purposes, including security, tracking and tracing, manufacturing, and facility management.

20. What exactly is an IoT Gateway? What is the function of a gateway in the Internet of Things?

IoT gateways, for example, allow IoT devices, sensors, equipment, and systems to communicate with one another. An IoT gateway is essentially a central hub for all IoT devices. It links IoT devices to one other and the cloud, transforming device communication and analyzing data to provide usable information. An IoT gateway performs several key activities, including interpreting protocols, encrypting, processing, managing, and filtering data. Gateways are used to connect devices and sensors to the cloud as part of an IoT ecosystem.
The following are some of the most prevalent uses for IoT gateways:

Devices that connect
Using the cloud to connect devices
IoT communication transformation
Filtering data
lowering safety risks, etc.

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Selenium Interview Questions

Selenium Interview Questions

Selenium Interview Questions

Q. 1 What is selenium's function?

Selenium is a free open source program that automates web browser interaction and, as a result, web application testing.

Users can access web or mobile applications using a variety of web browsers, including Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Internet Explorer, and others, as well as different versions of each web browser.

Checking the functionality, load, and performance of a web application on each web browser and their corresponding versions is a complex undertaking.

Selenium

Runs on a variety of web browsers and OS systems.

Different programming languages and testing frameworks can access it.

Selenium is a mineral that can be used for a variety of purposes.

Web applications are put to the test.

Apps for mobile devices that operate in web browsers are tested.

Carry out regression testing

Carry out functional tests

There is a headless browser option available.

It's also suitable for

scraping the internet

Provides full data capture and logging.

It also has a graphical representation.

All major programming languages are supported.

The programming languages and testing frameworks that are supported are as follows:

NUnit - NUnit - NUnit - NUnit - NU

Haskell

JUnit and TestNG are two Java testing frameworks.

WebdriverJS, WebdriverIO, NightwatchJS, and NemoJS are JavaScript libraries.

Objective-C

Perl

Behat + Mink - PHP

unit test, by unit, py. test, robot framework, Python

R

RSpec, Test::Unit, Ruby

The following web browsers are supported:

Support for Firefox Firefox is the most recent release, the most recent ESR release, and the most recent ESR release.

Versions 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 of Internet Explorer are supported. Version 11 necessitates further setup.

Safari 5.1+ is required for SafariDriver.

Opera - Opera - Opera

Starting with Opera version 26, ChromiumDriver can be used without any further configuration on Chromium-based versions of the browser.

Chrome (versions 70 and up)

Various Operating Systems

Most versions of Microsoft Windows begin with XP. 

Apple OS X is the most recent version of Apple's operating system.

Ubuntu is the most recent stable release of Linux.

 

Q. 2 What does selenium imply?

Selenium is a suite of software tools for automating web application software testing.

Selenium works with a variety of web browsers and versions. Selenium is compatible with a variety of testing frameworks and operating systems.

Selenium is primarily utilized as a catalyst as a chemical, and Selenium software tools are similarly employed as catalysts for web application testing.

 

Q. 3 What is the best programming language for selenium?

The best programming language for selenium is Java.

Because Selenium was created in the Java programming language, that's why.

You will be able to comprehend and interact with Selenium internals, which is written in Java.

As a result, the programming language most suited for selenium is Java.

 

Q.4 What is the function of the selenium driver?

The programming language bindings that connect to Selenium WebDriver are referred to as Selenium drivers.

Selenium drivers are libraries for each programming language that Selenium supports. The Selenium Webdriver API is exposed to the supported programming language via the Selenium driver or library.

The programming languages and testing frameworks that are supported are as follows:

NUnit Haskell - C#
JUnit and TestNG are two Java testing frameworks.
Objective-C Perl WebdriverJS, WebdriverIO, NightwatchJS, NemoJS JavaScript
Behat + Mink - PHP
Robot framework R, Python - unit test, by unit, py. test
RSpec, Test::Unit, Ruby
For example, the Selenium Webdriver API in C# will allow you to control Selenium from a C# program or test case.

 

Q. 5 What is the major application of selenium?

Selenium is mostly used to test web applications across several browsers and versions.

Selenium is a collection of cross-browser testing tools.

Selenium, according to its creators, automates browsers.

Popular web browsers include Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer, Safari, and others.

There are several versions of each web browser.

As a result, testing across many browsers and versions is a complex undertaking, and automating it minimizes testing time and effort.

Selenium is mostly used for online and mobile application automation testing. 

 

Q. 6 In selenium, what is TestNG?

Selenium's TestNG is used to generate reports on the many tests that it runs. Selenium is a tool that automates the testing of web browser applications.

Both TestNG and Selenium are integrated to conduct automated tests for online and mobile applications, merging several tests into test suites and delivering complete test results in a variety of forms, including HTML.

TestNG is a Selenium plugin that makes it easier to generate Selenium test reports.

 

Q. 7 What is selenium and what does it do?

Selenium is a tool for automating tests. Selenium automates web application testing across numerous web browsers and versions of web browsers.

Selenium is the most common web application testing tool since it is open source and hence very popular in the open source community.

 

Q. 8 Do you think it's better to use Selenium with Java or C#?

Because Selenium was created in the Java programming language, it is better with Java.

Selenium is better integrated with Java, and software testing specialists that are familiar with Java can pick up Selenium rapidly.

Selenium supports a variety of Java frameworks.

 

Q. 9 Is Selenium with Python a good combination?

Yes, Selenium with Python adds the ability to automate web application testing to the Python programming language.

Selenium is an open-source web application testing tool that tests web applications against a variety of web browsers and versions, such as Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and others.

Web applications written in the Python programming language can be evaluated in a variety of browsers and versions, including Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and others.

 

Q. 10 Under Selenium Grid, what is the default maximum number of browsers that can operate in parallel on a node?

a total of 5 browsers
What are the fundamentals of selenium?
Selenium Web Driver is a middleman that accepts test cases written in various programming languages such as C#, PHP, Python, and others and executes them on web browsers according to setup.

Selenium can test web applications in a variety of browsers and versions, including Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and others.

Selenium supports a variety of programming languages through several "drivers" or libraries that link to the Selenium API.

 

Q. 12 What are the benefits of a linear software testing framework?

The following are some of the benefits of using a linear framework for software testing:

1. Automation knowledge is not required because we will only be using the 'Record' and 'Playback' features.

2. Test scripts are simple to write and take a short amount of time to complete.

3. Because the scripts are written in a linear format, understanding the flow is quite simple.

 

Q.13 Can you tell me about the types of tests you've automated?

The main focus is on automating test cases to do regression, smoke, and sanity testing.

The tests are sometimes depending on the project and the estimated test time, with an emphasis on End to End testing.

 

Q. 14 How do I create an Edge browser session using the right syntax? 

WebDriver driver = new EdgeDriver() is the right form for creating an Edge browser session.

 

Q.15In a day, how many test cases have you automated?

This is entirely dependent on the complexity and length of the test case scenario. In a single day, I've automated 4-5 test scenarios with a low level of complexity.

However, there are instances when only two or fewer test cases are run in a day, resulting in a high level of complexity.

 

Q.16 Which domain is served by a web application?

B2C or e-commerce websites, B2B or trading websites, and organisational internal needs are all served by this web application.

 

Q.17 What do you mean when you say "framework"?

A framework can be defined as a set of rules or best practices that can be implemented methodically to accomplish desired outcomes.

It provides a variety of automation frameworks, such as

Data Driven Testing Framework, Keyword Driven Testing Framework, and Hybrid Testing Framework are all examples of testing frameworks.

 

Q.18 Is Selenium a cost-free program?

Yes, Selenium is an open-source tool for testing web applications against different web browsers and versions, such as Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and others.

You do not have to pay a license fee to use the tool. The tool does not have a license charge or a usage limit.

The only cost associated with Selenium is the time and money invested in learning and evaluating the tool. 

 

Q.19 In Selenium, which object prototype is utilized to extend Selenium?

Paget is a prototype object.

 

Q. 20 Have you ever designed a Framework before?

Following are some situations that can be used in response to the interview question:

1. If you're a beginner: If you're a beginner, you can clearly say "No,

I didn't get the chance to build a framework from the ground up. However, I made advantage of the framework that is already in place. Using the current framework, I primarily contributed to the creation of test cases.

2. In this example, you are a beginner with a decent understanding of framework creation: "Yes, I was active in designing framework along with other automation testers in my organization," you can begin.

3. If you're a seasoned tester, consider the following: "Yes, I have constructed framework from the ground up," you can say as an experienced professional. My previous organization did not have any automation processes."

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AML/KYC Interview Questions

AML/KYC Interview Questions

AML/KYC Interview Questions

Q.1 What does "pooled accounts" imply?

A pooled account is a fiduciary account in which numerous people' investments are pooled together.

 

Q.2 What are some parameters that can be used to improve due diligence?

Customer location, financial state, nature of business or transaction purpose are the parameters for enhanced due diligence.

 

Q.3What does KYC Policy imply?

In India, all banks are required to have a KYC policy, as mandated by the RBI. Customer Acceptance Policy, Customer Identification Procedures, Transaction Monitoring, and Risk Management are all listed in the KYC policy.

 

Q.4 Describe the AML/KYC Customer Acceptance Policy.

The customer acceptance policy outlines the procedures to be followed when a consumer opens an account. The policy lists the documents required for identification as well as other required client characteristics.

 

Q.5Explain the AML/KYC client identification procedure.

The Client identification procedure is the process of identifying a customer using documents and other available information in order to comply with government-mandated AML/KYC rules.

 

Q.6How will you recognise transactions that are suspicious?

Observation, study of Exception Reports, and the use of AML Software can all be used to spot suspicious transactions.

 

Q.7What can cause a transaction to be considered suspicious?

There are a variety of reasons for a transaction to seem suspicious, including false identity, incorrect address, or doubt about the account's true recipient.

 

Q.8What does "name screening" imply?

Name screening is used to see if any of the institution's customers are on any blacklists or regulatory lists.

 

Q.9Who can be considered a customer for KYC purposes?

A customer is an individual or a business that maintains an account, forms a relationship, or has an account managed on their behalf or is a beneficiary of accounts kept by intermediaries.

 

Q.10When do employees receive induction training?

Employees receive induction training when they begin working for the company. Induction training is required.

is a type of orientation for new employees to enable them to perform their duties in a new profession or job role within a company (or establishment).

 

Q.11What does the BR Act of 1949 contain?

It includes AML/KYC policies.

 

 Q.12 What does CTR stand  for?

According to the PMLA, a cash transaction report is required.

It's also known as a currency transaction report.

 

Q.13What what do you mean when you say "money laundering"?

Money laundering is the concealment of the source of funds received by illegal means such as gambling, corruption, extortion, drug trafficking, and human trafficking. Money is moved around the financial system repeatedly in such a way that its source is obscured. It's the process of cleaning up dirty money.

 

Q.14Please take a look at the KYC procedure listed below. Determine which KYC aspect is the most effective.

corresponds to the practise that has been stated. The creation of a robust information base about each consumer is made possible by effective information-gathering tactics. This is known as

Identification of the customer, It entails effective information-gathering tactics that allow for the creation of a robust data base about each customer. Banks must spell out the Customer Identification Procedure to be followed at various stages, such as when establishing a banking relationship, conducting a financial transaction, or when the bank has doubts about the authenticity, veracity, or adequacy of previously obtained customer identification data.

 

Q.15What are the KYC objectives?

The goals of KYC are to ensure proper customer identity and to monitor questionable transactions.

What are the phases of money laundering?

 

Q.16 What are the stages of money laundering?

Integration, Layering, and Placement are the three stages of money laundering.

 

Q.17Why do Anti-Money Laundering Checks need to be done?

Since the Proceeds of Crime Act, the Serious Organized Crime and Police Act, the Terrorist Act, and the Money Laundering Requirements control the AML regulations. Failure to report suspicious activities might result in a criminal charge as well as hefty fines from the regulating agency.

 

Q.18Will you still need to conduct customer due diligence if you've been dealing with my clients for a long time?

We need to make sure that our customers are paid on time.

all clients' due diligence is up to date We would need sufficient documentary ID details on the files, but if their circumstances or risk profile have changed since then, we should update the customer due diligence.

 

Q.19Can you explain what money laundering and financial terrorism are?

Money laundering is the process of converting illegally obtained funds into funds that appear to have come from a legitimate source. Money laundering is used by money launderers all over the world to hide illicit behaviour such as drug trafficking, terrorism, and extortion.

 

Q.20What is a Know Your Customer (KYC) Policy?

All banks are expected to create a KYC Policy with the consent of their respective boards, according to RBI instructions published vide. The following are the components of the KYC Policy: 1. Customer Acceptance Policy is a critical component. 2. Procedures for identifying customers 3. Transactions Monitoring 4. Management of risk.

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Top 25 Selenium interview Questions

Top 25 Selenium Interview Questions

Top 25 Selenium Interview Questions

1) Can you explain how to iterate through test script options?

Loop elements of the programming language can be used to iterate through alternatives in a test script; for example, in Java, the "for" loop can be used to type different test data in a text box.

/ in an array, test data collecting

testData = "test1," "test2," and "test3" in String[] format;

/ iterate through each set of test data

selenium.type ("elementLocator", testData) for (string s: test data);

 

2) How can you create a customised html report in the hybrid framework using TestNG?

There are three options available.

Junit: With ANT TestNG's help: To get the HTML report, use the default.html file that comes with the programme. XST reports from ANT, Selenium, and Testng combinations are also available.
Using XSL jar to convert XML material to HTML

 

3) How do you build an HTML test report from your test script?

There are three ways to build an HTML test report.

To get the HTML report, TestNG uses the inbuilt default.html file. XLST results from ANT, Selenium, and TestNG are also available.
JUnit: With the assistance of ANT
Using XSL jar to convert XML material to HTML for our own bespoke reports

 

4) How do you use the Selenium IDE to insert a break point?

Insert a break point in Selenium IDE

Right-click on the command in Selenium IDE and select "Toggle break point."

Select the command in Selenium IDE by pressing "B" on the keyboard.

Selenium IDE allows you to set several break points.

 

5) How do you debug the tests in the Selenium IDE?

Place a

Set a breakpoint from the point where you wish to run the test step by step.

Execute the test case.

The execution will be interrupted at the specified break point.

Click the blue icon to move on to the next statement.

To continue performing all of the commands at once, click the "Run" button.

 

6) What is Selenese and what are its many types?

Selenese is a set of selenium commands that are used to perform the test.

Selenese comes in three varieties.

Actions: It's utilised to carry out operations and interact with the target items.
Assertions: It serves as a reference point.
Accessors are used to keep track of the values in a variable.

 

7) Describe the limitations of the Selenium IDE.

The Selenium IDE's drawbacks

There is no exceptional handling.
Selenium IDE only works with HTML languages.
The reading of external databases is not possible with IDE.
It is not feasible to read from external files such as.txt and.xls.
The execution of conditional or branching statements such as if,else, and select statements is not possible.

 

8) In Selenium IDE, what are the two view modes?

Selenium IDE can be launched as a pop-up window or from the sidebar.

 

9) What are the element locators in the Selenium IDE that can be used to locate elements on a web page?

There are primarily four locators used in selenium.

Locators for X-paths
Locators in CSS

10) Html id Html name How do you generate random numbers and dates for test data in Selenium IDE?

Using Java Script in Selenium IDE, you may generate random integers.

type

css=input#s

javascript{Math.random()}

And for

type

css=input#s

new Date() in javascript

 

11) How can any Selenium IDE test be converted from Selenese to another language?

To convert tests, utilise the format option in Selenium IDE.

 

12)Is it possible to obtain data from a specific html table column using Selenium IDE?

The command "storeTable" can be used.

Store text from cell 0,2 of an html table, for example.

 

storeTable

 

Css=#table 0.2 Css=#table 0.2 Css=#table

 

textFromCell

 

13) What can go wrong when a Selenium IDE test fails?

When the location for an element has changed and Selenium IDE is unable to locate it

The process timed out when the element Selenium IDE waiting to access did not arrive on the web page.

When the element that Selenium IDE attempted to access was not created

 

14) How do you debug the tests in the Selenium IDE?

Place a break point at the point where you want to conduct the steps one by one.

Execute the test case.

At the specified break point, the programme is executed.

will be put on hold

Click the Blue button to go to the next step.

To run many commands at once, click the run button.

 

15) How do you run a single line from the Selenium IDE?

A single line command can be executed in two ways from the Selenium IDE.

 

Right-click on the command in Selenium IDE and select "Execute this command."

After selecting the command in Selenium IDE, press the "X" key on the keyboard.

 

16) In Selenium IDE, what format does source view display your script?

The source view in Selenium IDE displays your script in XML format.

 

17) In Selenium IDE, how can you insert a start point?

Selenium IDE can be configured in two ways.

Select the command in Selenium IDE by using the "S" key on the keyboard.
Right-click the command in Seleniun IDE and choose "Set / Clear Start Point."

 

18) How would you test your own element locator if you wrote it yourself?

To test the locator, use Selenium IDE's "Find Button." When you click it, an element will be highlighted on the screen if your element locator is correct, or an error will appear.

a message will be shown

 

19) What is the meaning of regular expressions? In Selenium, how do you use regular expressions?

A regular expression is a text string that is used to describe a search pattern. Regular expressions can be used with the keyword regexp: as a prefix to the value in Selenium IDE, and patterns for the expected values must be included.

 

20) What exactly is a core extension?

You can construct a Core Extension to "expand" the default capabilities given by Selenium Function Library. They're also referred to as "User Extensions." You can also get ready-made Core Extensions produced by other Selenium fans.

 

21) In Selenium, how will you handle dealing with multiple windows?

To switch between windows, we can use the selectWindow command. The title of Windows is used to determine which window to switch to with this command.

 

22) How will you validate a web element's precise position?

VerifyElementPositionLeft and verifyElementPositionTop might be used. It does a pixel comparison of the element's position from the left and top of the page, respectively.

 

23) What is the best way to retrieve a message from an alert box? 

The storeAlert command will retrieve the message from the alert popup and store it in a variable.

 

24) What is RC (Remote Control) selenium?

In terms of browser support and language support, Selenium IDE has several restrictions. RC restriction can be reduced by utilising Selenium.

For automating web applications, selenium RC is used with languages such as Java, C#, Perl, and Python on various platforms and web browsers.

Selenium RC is a java-based tool that can communicate with a web application in any language.

You can get around the restriction by using server to run your automation script against any web application.

 

25) What is the purpose of Selenium RC?

Many functionalities, like as condition statements, iteration, logging, and so on, are not directly supported by Selenium IDE. Because the IDE only supports HTML, it can't do things like report test results or handle unexpected errors. To deal with such problems, Selenium RC is utilised, and it supports languages such as Perl, Ruby, Python, and PHP. We can develop programmes in these languages to solve IDE concerns.

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Selenium Interview Question and Answers

Selenium Interview Question and Answers

Selenium Interview Question and Answers

1) What is an Object Repository, and how does it work?

An object repository is a critical component of any UI automation since it allows a tester to keep all of the objects that will be utilised in the scripts in one or more centralised locations rather than scattering them throughout the test scripts.

 

2) What is the Selenium Grid and how does it work?

The tests were delivered to the hub by Selenium Grid. These tests are routed through Selenium Webdriver, which opens the browser and runs the test. It is possible to run tests in parallel using the whole test suite.

 

3) Is Selenium grid suitable for performance testing?

Yes. However, it does not perform as well as a specialised Performance Testing tool such as Loadrunner.

 

4) What are the benefits of using Webdriver instead of Selenium Server?

You don't require the Selenium-WebDriver plugin if you're using Selenium-WebDriver.

Selenium Server is unique in that it use a completely separate technology.

Selenium Server has Selenium RC capabilities, which is needed for backwards compatibility with Selenium 1.0.

Selenium Web driver provides direct calls to browsers, taking advantage of each browser's inherent automation functionality, whereas Selenium RC relies on the selenium server injecting Javascript into the browser.

 

5) What capabilities does Selenium WebDriver or Selenium 2.0 have?

When you need better support for something, WebDriver is the way to go.

Multiple frames, pop-ups, browser windows, and notifications to manage
Page navigation and Ajax-based UI elements that can be dragged and dropped
Multi-browser testing, including better capability for Selenium 1.0 browsers that aren't well supported

 

6) What are the limitations that can be encountered while inserting capabilities in webdriver to execute tests on a browser that is not supported by a webdriver?

The "findElement" command may not perform as expected, which is a major limitation of injecting capabilities.

 

7) How can you use the Selenium Web driver to discover damaged images on a page?

The Selenium web driver can be used to find broken images on a page.

Get XPath and use tag name to get all the links on the page.
Click on each and every link on the page.

 

8) Look for the words 404/500 in the title of the destination page. How do you handle colours in a web driver?

You can use the web driver to handle colours.

By passing the 'colour' string as an argument to the getCssValue(arg0) method, you can get the colours.

 

9) How do you store a value in a text box using a web driver?

You can use the web driver to store a value in a text box by using the following command.

findElement(By.id("your Textbox")); driver.findElement(By.id("your Textbox")); driver.findElement(By.

sendKeys("your keyword"); sendKeys("your keyword"); sendKeys("your keyword

 

10) Can you explain how you can change frames?

The [driver.switchTo().frame()] method in webdrivers takes one of three arguments to switch between frames.

 

a figure: It chooses the number based on

according to its (zero-based) index

A name or identification number: Choose a frame based on its name or ID.

Previously discovered WebElement: Select a frame using the previously discovered WebElement.

 

11) Describe five different Selenium web driver exceptions.

You had five separate exceptions with Selenium web drivers.

WebDriverException
NoAlertPresentException
NoSuchWindowException
NoSuchElementException
TimeoutException

 

12) Explain how to perform a double click using Webdriver.

Using the mouse, you can do a double click.

Act = new Actions (driver); act.doubleClick(webelement);

 

13) Syntax- Actions act = new Actions (driver); act.doubleClick(webelement); How will you upload a file with Selenium?

You can enter in a file input box of an upload file using the "type" command. Then, to make file upload work, you must use JAVA's "Robot" class.

 

14) Which implementation of a web driver is the quickest?

HTMLUnitDriver's implementation is the quickest; HTMLUnitDriver does not run tests in the browser but instead sends a plain http request, which is far faster than opening a browser and running tests.

 

15) Can you explain how you can use Selenium 2.0 to manage frames?

You can use the "SwitchTo" frame technique to get control over an HTML frame.

driver.switchTo().frame(“frameName”);

To specify a frame you can use index number

driver.switchTo().frame(“parentFrame.4.frameName”);

This would bring control on frame named- “frameName” of the 4th sub frame names “parentFrame”

 

16) What is the difference between getWindowhandles() and getwindowhandle() ?

getwindowhandles(): It is used to get the address of all the open browser and its return type is Set<String>

getwindowhandle(): It is used to get the address of the current browser where the control is and return type is string

 

17) Explain how you can switch back from a frame?

To switch back from a frame use method defaultContent()

Syntax-driver.switchTo().defaultContent(); 

 

18) What are the many sorts of locators?

There are various sorts of locators.

By.id()

By.name()

By.tagName()

By.className()

By.linkText()

By.partialLinkText()

By.xpath

By.cssSelector()

 

19) In order to display the values of a variable in the output console or log, what command is used?

echo is a command that can be used to display a constant string.

You can use commands like echo $variable name>> to display the value of a variable.

PHP is used in the example above. Replace echo with System.out if you're using Java. println

 

20) Can you explain how you can use Selenium's recovery scenario?

The type of recovery scenario you utilise is determined on the programming language you use. If you're using Java, you can use exception handling to get around the problem. Using the "Try Catch Block" option within Java testing using Selenium WebDriver

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Selenium Interview Questions and Answers

Selenium Interview Question and Answers

Selenium Interview Question and Answers

1) What are the WebDriver-supported Mobile Testing Drivers?

WebDriver supported "mobile testing drivers" are:

AndroidDriver
IphoneDriver
OperaMobileDriver

 

2) What are the popular programming languages supported by Selenium WebDriver to write Test Cases?

Selenium WebDriver supports the below languages to write Test Cases.

JAVA
PHP
Python
C#
Ruby
Perl

 

3) What's the difference between keyboard shortcuts and keyboard commands?

In most circumstances, TypeKeys() will produce a JavaScript event, whereas.type() would not.

 

4) What's the difference between the commands "type" and "type and wait"?

The "type" command is used to enter keyboard key values into a software web application's text box. It can also be used to choose values from a combo box, whereas the "type and wait" command is used when you finish typing and the software web page begins to reload. This command will wait for the page of the software program to reload before proceeding. You must use a basic "type" command if there is no page reload event when typing.

 

5) How do you distinguish between findElement() and find element()?

findElement(): Using the provided "locating technique," is used to locate the first element on the current page. It gives you a single WebElement as a result.

find elements() searches the current page for all elements using the supplied "locating mechanism." It gives you a list of web elements as a result.

 

6) What are you waiting for? In selenium, how many different sorts of delays are there?

For AJAX-based applications, Selenium Webdriver introduces the concept of waits. There are two kinds of waiting times:

Waiting Time Implicit Waiting Time Explicit Waiting Time Implicit Waiting Time Exp

 

7) What is the most significant drawback of implicit waiting?

The implicit wait has the main disadvantage of slowing down test performance.

Another drawback of implicit waiting is that:

Assume you've established a waiting time limit of ten Seconds. Because you ordered it to wait a maximum of 10 seconds, and the elements are shown in the DOM in 11 seconds, your tests will fail.

 

8) What is Selenium Grid, and how does it work?

Selenium Grid enables you to deploy your tests across numerous machines at the same time. As a result, the same text script may be used to run tests on both a Windows and a Mac machine. It cuts down on test execution time and gives immediate feedback.

 

9) What are the advantages of automating the testing process?

The following are some of the advantages of automation testing.

It enables the execution of many test scenarios.
It allows for parallel processing.
Unattended execution is encouraged by automation testing.
It improves precision. As a result, it reduces human-caused errors.
It helps you save both time and money.

 

10) What is the best way to acquire the text of a web element?

The get command is used to retrieve the inner text of a web element. The get command takes no parameters and returns a string type value. It's also one of the most commonly used commands for checking messages, labels, and errors, among other things, from web pages.

 

11) How to select a value in a dropdown?

We use the WebDriver's Select class to select the value in the dropdown.

Syntax:

selectByValue:

 
  1. Select selectByValue = new Select(driver.findElement(By.id("SelectID_One")));  
  2. selectByValue.selectByValue("green value");  

selectByVisibleText:

 
  1. Select selectByVisibleText = new Select (driver.findElement(By.id("SelectID_Two")));  
  2. selectByVisibleText.selectByVisibleText("Lime");  
  1. Select select index = new Select(driver.findElement(By.id("SelectID_Three")));  
  2. selectByIndex.select index(2);  

 

12) What are the different types of navigation commands?

The navigation commands are as follows.

navigate().back()

The above command needs no parameters and takes back the user to the previous webpage.

Example

driver.navigate().back();
navigate().forward()

The above command allows the user to navigate to the next web page concerning the browser's history.

Example

driver.navigate().forward();
navigate().refresh()

The navigate().refresh() command allows the user to refresh the current web page by reloading all the web elements.

Example

driver.navigate().refresh();
navigate().to()

The navigate().to() command allows the user to launch a new web browser window and navigate to the specified URL.

Example

driver.navigate().to("https://google.com");

 

13) How to deal with frames in WebDriver?

An inline frame abbreviates as an iframe. It is used to insert another document within the current document. These documents can be HTML documents or simply web pages and nested web pages.

Select iframe by id

driver.switch().frame("ID of the frame");
Locating iframe using tagName

driver.switch().frame(driver.find elements(By.tagName("iframe").get(0));
Locating iframe using index

frame(index)

driver.switch().frame(0);
the the the the the the the the the frame (Name of Frame)

driver.switch().frame("name of the frame");
frame(WebElement element)

Select Parent Window

driver.switch().defaultContent();

 

14) Is there an HtmlUnitDriver for .NET?

To use HtmlUnit first use the RemoteWebDriver and pass it in the desired capabilities

IWebDriver driver

= new RemoteWebDriver(DesiredCapabilities.HtmlUnit())

For the Firefox implementation to run, use

IWebDriver driver

= new RemoteWebDriver(DesiredCapabilities.HtmlUnitWithJavaScript())

 

15) How can you redirect browsing from a browser through some proxy?

Selenium facilitates a PROXY class to redirect browsing from a proxy. Look at the example below.

Example

String PROXY = "199.201.125.147:8080";

org.open a.selenium.Proxy proxy = new.org.openqa.selenium.Proxy();

proxy.set HTTP proxy(Proxy)

.setFtpProxy(Proxy)

.setSslProxy(Proxy)

DesiredCapabilities cap = new DesiredCapabilities();

cap.setCapability(CapabilityType.PROXY, proxy);

WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(cap);

 

16) What is POM (Page Object Model) and how does it work? What are the benefits?

The Page Object Model is a design approach for storing web UI elements in an object directory. Each web page must have its page class. The page class is in charge of locating WebElements in web pages and performing operations on them.

The following are some of the advantages of adopting POM.
It enhances code readability by separating actions and flows in the UI from Verification.
Because the Object Repository is independent of Test Cases, it can be used for several tests.
Coding reusability

 

17) How to capture screenshots in WebDriver?

Below is the program to capture screenshots in WebDriver.

import org. JUnit.After;
import org. JUnit.Before;
import org. JUnit.Test;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.open a.selenium.OutputType;
import org.open a.selenium.TakesScreenshot;
import org.open a.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.open a.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;

public class TakeScreenshot {
WebDriver driver;
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
driver = new FirefoxDriver();
drv.get("https://google.com");
}
@After
public void tearDown() throws Exception {
drv.quit();
}

@Test
public void test() throws IOException {
//capture the screenshot
File scrFile = ((TakeScreenshot)drv).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
// paste the screenshot to the desired location
FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, new File("C:\\Screenshot\\Scr.jpg"))
}
}

 

18) How to type text in a textbox using Selenium?

The sendKeys("String to be entered") is used to enter the string in a textbox.

Syntax

WebElement username = drv.findElement(By.id("Email"));
// entering username
username.sendKeys("sth");

 

19) How can you find if an element is displayed on the screen?

WebDriver allows users to check the visibility of the web elements. These web elements can be buttons, radio buttons, drop, checkboxes, boxes, labels, etc. which are used with the following methods.

is displayed()
isSelected()
isEnabled()
Syntax:

is displayed():
boolean buttonPresence = driver.findElement(By.id("gbqfba")).isDisplayed();
isSelected():
boolean buttonSelected = driver.findElement(By.id("gbqfba")).isSelected();
isEnabled():
boolean searchIconEnabled = driver.findElement(By.id("gbqfb")).isEnabled();

 

20) How to click on a hyperlink using link text?

driver.findElement(By.linkText("Google")).click();
The above command searches the element using a link text, then click on that element, and thus the user will be redirected to the corresponding page.

The following command can access the link mentioned earlier.

driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("Goo")).click();

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RPA Interview Questions

RPA Interview Questions

RPA Interview Questions

1) What is Robotic Process Automation (RPA) and how does it work?

Robotic Process Automation (RPA) is a type of automation in which software robots do repetitive, rule-based tasks in the place of humans. It enables businesses to automate their digital processes across multiple applications and systems without having to change their existing IT architecture or systems.

Robotic

Robots are a set of codes that imitate human actions.

Process

The procedure can be defined as a set of stages that results in useful action.

Automation

The process is carried out entirely by robots, with no human involvement.

 

2) Make a list of RPA's most important applications.

The following are some of the most prominent RPA applications:

Data Migration and Data

Entry Onboarding Data

Extraction from Various

Files Barcode Scanning

Invoice Processing

Information Validation

Report Generation Data

Migration and Data Entry Onboarding

Comparing Prices

Maintaining customer data

 

3) Make a list of RPA's advantages.

The following are some of the most significant RPA advantages:

Faster

The software robots are in charge of carrying out the operational tasks. When compared to humans, they can work around the clock and act rapidly. As a result, the work can be completed quickly.

Cost-Effective

RPA robots do not require vacations or breaks. They can work at all times. RPA is thus cost-effective.

Quality & Accuracy

RPA bots almost eliminate the possibility of human error. Robots are dependable because they follow a set of instructions. RPA improves the accuracy and quality of business processes as a result.

 

4) Mention well-known RPA tools. Briefly describe each.

Three RPA tools are widely used:

Prism in Blue

Blue Prism is a brand name for the Blue Prism Group, a software company situated in the United Kingdom. Blue Prism Group was the first to coin the term "Robotic Process Automation." Blue Prism enables enterprises to quickly and cost-effectively automate repetitive, rule-based digital business operations.

UiPath

UiPath provides desktop Robotic Process Automation for Windows. It can automate a wide range of programs, including desktop, online, Citrix, and many others.

Anywhere Automation

Another prominent RPA  tool is Automation Anywhere. It provides an easy-to-use platform for automating complex business operations. It may be used to automate a wide range of operations, from simple Windows configuration to advanced networking and remote database management.

 

5) Make a list of RPA's limitations.

Processes that involve judgment cannot be automated with RPA.
RPA is incapable of learning from its mistakes.

It is unable to comprehend non-electronic unstructured inputs.

RPA improves workflow efficiency by replacing human operations with automated tasks. However, it has some restrictions in terms of the types of jobs it can be used for.

 

6) What are the procedures that should be taken before using RPA?

The following are some of the basic steps for a successful RPA implementation:

Identify potential for automation.

Choose appropriate procedures.

Make a business case for yourself.

Look for a well-known RPA provider.

Development of a model RPA.

Begin developing RPA bots.

 

7) How long do you think an RPA implementation will take?

In most cases, RPA implementation takes a few weeks. Complex business processes, on the other hand, can take longer depending on their level of complexity.

 

8) Does the operation of RPA necessitate any special skills?

RPA does not necessitate any unique abilities or programming skills. To become an RPA-certified professional, however, some fundamental knowledge or training is required. The majority of RPA technologies provide a user-friendly platform that can be used to easily automate activities using a flowchart-like layout. RPA tools have a drag-and-drop feature that can be used to automate tasks.

 

9) Make a list of the RPA tool's benefits.

RPA aids in the automation of digital processes that are repetitive and based on rules.
Real-time scheduled compliance processes and accurate auditing are provided by RPA.
RPA provides real-time visibility into processes, allowing for the detection of flaws and defects.

 

10) Is auditing RPA procedures possible? What are the advantages of auditing RPA workflows?

Yes, auditing RPA procedures is doable. It's beneficial to be aware of new tactics that could be advantageous.

 

11) Make a list of the RPA life cycle's major stages.

Phase 1: Discovery Phase 2: Solution Design Phase 3: Development Phase 4: UAT Phase (User Acceptance Test)
Phases of Deployment and Maintenance Bots should be executed.

 

12) In RPA, what do you mean by a thin client and a thick client? Use examples to demonstrate your point.

Thin Client 

The term "thin client" refers to apps that never acquire quality properties while spying with an RPA tool. It is not installed on a local PC. It is only capable of running on a virtual client/server architecture.

VMware, VirtualBox, or any other virtual environment are examples.

Thick client

The thick client can be characterized as apps that use RPA technologies to give a small number of attribute features.

Apps such as notepad, browser, and others are examples.

 

13) What does the term 'Bot' mean to you? What are the many sorts of bots that can be used in Robotic Process Automation?

The phrase 'bot' or 'robot' refers to a set of commands used to automate a process. 

In Robotic Process Automation, there are typically four types of software bots available:

TaskBot
MetaBot
Chatbot 
IQ Bot

 

14) What are the steps involved in developing an RPA software bot?

The steps to make an RPA bot are as follows:

The task is first recorded.
The bot is then integrated into the RPA paradigm.
The bot is then put to the test to see if it meets the needs of the company.
Finally, the bot is uploaded to automate the process.

 

15) What is the difference between robotic automation and screen scraping or macro?

RPA is frequently mistakenly referred to as screen scraping or a macro. RPA technology, on the other hand, is far more powerful than screen scraping or a basic macro. RPA is a hybrid of the two technologies, with a slew of additional capabilities and enhancements. RPA solutions provide a framework for automating end-to-end processes.

 

16) What are the steps involved in developing an RPA software bot?

The steps to make an RPA bot are as follows:

The task is first recorded.

The bot is then integrated into the RPA paradigm.

The bot is then put to the test to see if it meets the needs of the company.

Finally, the bot is uploaded to automate the process.

 

17) What is the difference between robotic automation and screen scraping or macro?

RPA is frequently mistakenly referred to as screen scraping or a macro. RPA technology, on the other hand, is far more powerful than screen scraping or a basic macro. RPA is a hybrid of the two technologies, with a slew of additional capabilities and enhancements. RPA solutions provide a framework for automating end-to-end processes.

 

18) What do you mean when you say Citrix Automation?

It's utilized in a virtual desktop application to automate operations like form filling and submission. Performing data entry duties is also advantageous.

 

19) How do you estimate the scope of Robotic Process Automation in the future? Is it a smart idea to start a career in this field?

RPA is a rapidly evolving technology that is finding its way into a variety of industries. RPA has a bright future because it can automate a variety of human tasks. It is simple to begin a career in RPA because it does not require any programming knowledge. With some basic knowledge or training, anyone may become an RPA certified professional.

 

20) What is the RPA procedure's principal goal?

RPA's main purpose is to replace or eliminate the laborious, repetitive, and rule-based work that humans perform. As a result, a human can devote his or her attention to tasks that demand human intelligence.

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Python Interview Questions and Answers

Python Interview Questions and Answers

Python Interview Questions and Answers

Q.1. In Python, is indentation required? Why?

In Python, indentation is required. Because it doesn't utilize curly braces, you'll need to indent code blocks evenly so that it knows what belongs in a block and what doesn't. This is a mistake:

 

Q.2 What does PEP 8 stand for?

The Python Enhancement Proposal 8 (PEP) is a Python-style guide. It includes coding rules and recommendations to assist make code more readable and consistent. Indentation, line length, blank lines, source file encoding, imports, string quotes, whitespace, trailing commas, comments, and docstrings, naming standards, and some programming advice are all included.

 

Q.3 What is the purpose of the zip() function?

This function combines objects by mapping related indices of several objects. After that, it returns a zip object. This is how it works:

 

Q.4. What is the purpose of the swap case() function?

The str class has a swap case() function that transforms uppercase to lowercase and vice versa.

 

Q.5. Can you shuffle 10 cards in your hands ([2,4,7,8,9, J, Q, K, A, A]) with Python?

Here, we'll use the random module's shuffle() method. This method shuffles a list while it is still in place.

 

Q.6. Which Python module will you use if you wish to work with files?

Python includes the following options for dealing with text and binary files:

shutil os (and os.path)
You can use them to create a file, duplicate its contents, and remove it.

 

Q.7. Does Python offer a variety of file processing modes?

You can open files in four different modes with Python: read-only, write-only, read-write, and add.

Only read mode is available. ('r') – Open a file in default mode for reading.
Open a file for writing, replace any contents, or create a new file in write-only mode ('w').
'rw' stands for read-write mode. - Open a file that needs to be updated.
Append mode ('a') – adds a new line to the end of the file.

 

Q.8. What is the difference between Python 2.x and Python 3.x?

Python 2 and 3 are similar yet differ slightly:

The print() function in Python 3 replaces the print statement in Python 2.
Strings in Python 3 are Unicode by default. Strings in Python 2 are ASCII.
Some Python 3 libraries are incompatible with Python 2.
For input, Python 2 had a raw input() method. The xrange() function was also included.
Python 2 will be deprecated on January 1, 2020; legacy Python 2 programs can be converted to Python 3 by then.
In Python 2, division returns an integer, whereas in Python 3, it returns a float.

 

Q.9. What is the purpose of enumerating ()?

This function iterates through a sequence and gets the index position and value for each item.

 

Q.10: What does PYTHONPATH stand for?

This is a comparable environment variable to PATH. The interpreter looks for a module at the address provided by this variable whenever you import it. It extends the usual module file search path. The value of this variable is a string containing a directory list for the sys.path directory list. One good application of this is to import our code that isn't yet available as an installable package.

 

Q.11 What is the difference between PYTHONSTARTUP, PYTHONCASEOK, and PYTHONHOME?

PYTHONSTARTUP is a variable that stores the path of an initialization file containing Python code. Before the first prompt appears, this executes every time you start the interpreter.

Python ignores cases in import statements if PYTHONCASEOK is set. This only applies to Windows and Mac OS X. To

After you've activated it, you can change the value to whatever you like.

PYTHONHOME, on the other hand, modifies the location of the standard Python libraries.

On Windows, go to System Properties and then to Environment Variables to do this. Add a new Environment Variable and its value after that. 

 

Q.12 What distinguishes lists from tuples?

In Python, there are two data types: lists and tuples, both of which are collections of objects. But they're not the same, and here's why:

Tuples are immutable, whereas lists are mutable. A list can be changed, but not a tuple.

Tuples are faster than lists.
Because tuples are immutable, they can be used as dictionary keys; lists cannot because they are mutable.
A tuple cannot be sorted, but we can sort a list with sort ().

 

Q.13. How do you get rid of the last item in a list?

Consider the following list of three items: [1,2,3]. This is how we can get rid of the last object: 

 

Q.14. Describe the Python map() function.

This function creates an iterator that computes the function using arguments from each iterable. This, like zipping (), exhausts the shortest iterable.

 

Q.15. In Python, what is __init__?

In C++, __init__ is a magic method that works similarly to a function Object() { [native code] }. It's used to set up new items. This function is called whenever a new object is created, and it allocates memory for the new object. Python will use its default version if you don't provide a __init__ for a class.

 

Q.16.Is Python entirely object-oriented? 

In Python, everything is an object. It isn't fully object-oriented, though, because it doesn't enable strong encapsulation, which is the packaging of data with methods and limiting access to some of them.

 

Q.17.What is loop interruption, and how does it work?

Interrupting a loop involves ending it before it has completed all of its iterations. There are three loop interruption statements in Python:

break — This exits the loop and executes the next statement in the sequence.

continue — Skips to the next iteration without performing the previous statements.

pass – When you don't know what to put in a loop, use this.

 

Q.18.Is Python a pass-by-value or pass-by-reference language?

Python does not support both pass-by-value and pass-by-reference. It's a pass-by-object-reference pass-through. This means that modifications to a mutable object supplied to a function will impact the original, whereas changes to an immutable object passed to a function would not.

 

Q.19.What is a namespace, exactly?

A name is a unique identifier (a name we use to refer to someone giving to things). A collection of names is referred to as a namespace. This is a list of all the names and the objects they identify. Multiple namespaces can be used to avoid name collisions. Even when we call a function, it creates a local namespace that contains all of the names.

 

Q.20. In Python, what is percent s?

We can embed values in strings with Python. F-strings, the format() method, and the percent operator are the three options. You can use it in the following way:

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